The Supreme Court's landmark Brown decision changed the total pattern of race relations in the United States and helped to solidify the foundations of American democracy for the benefit of all Americans. Ironically, although the specific issue which resulted in the Brown decision was concerned with the constitutionality of racially segregated…

This paper discusses the educational experiences of blacks before and after the Brown decision of 1954. During slavery religious organizations, sympathetic whites, and blacks themselves led the effort toward literacy for slaves. Following the Civil War, blacks initially made great strides in establishing educational opportunities. By 1877, white…

Students of ninth-grade age in Austin, Texas, were studied to discover how desegregation affected dropout rates for Blacks, Hispanics, and Anglo/Others. Examination of the gross dropout percentages over the first 15 months suggests that impacted-only (nonreassigned, but in impacted schools) minority students were twice as likely to drop out as…

This analysis compares student test scores before and after school busing in New Castle County, Delaware, in an attempt to see if busing to achieve racial balance reduces the achievement gap between black and white students. School authorities pre-tested students with the California Achievement Test (CAT) in 1978-79, the first year of busing, and…

White flight from public schools to avoid desegregation can result in educational and residential resegregation, defeating the purpose of desegregation efforts. One form of white flight is pupil transfer to private schools, which in most metropolitan areas are predominantly Catholic. Unlike residential relocation, transfers to Catholic schools…

A study was conducted of White, Black, and Hispanic parents with children enrolled in south Los Angeles County private Christian schools, in order to determine and compare their expectations of the schools. The increase in Christian school enrollment during the 1970's has been attributed to both white flight from contemporaneous desegregation…

The relationship between school desegregation and housing desegregation is the subject of this study, which used official census and school district data from the 25 central cities with black populations over 100,000 in 1980. Both school and housing desegregation were measured with the index of dissimilarity. Results show a clear correlation…

Since 1970 the Pasadena Unified School District has operated racially balanced schools under the auspices of a courtmandated desegregation program known as the Pasadena Plan. This report assesses the educational and demographic consequences of four years (1970-1974) of school desegregation. The objectives of the paper are as follows: (1) to…

The results of a survey conducted on superintendents and principals from eleven southern states are presented in this paper. These educators were asked questions related to time of desegregation, conditions under which desegregation took place, and size of school district. Results indicate that the majority of school districts in the sample…

The author discusses the steady increase in white student enrollment at historically black colleges. These students are generally categorized as: (1) being older; (2) having completed military service; (3) having little interest in student activities; (4) being married; (5) being transfer students; and (6) attending as part-time commuter students.…

Summarizes the latest research on segregation within and between districts and on the relationships between desegregation attempts and "white flight." (IRT)

The goal of the Counseling and Career Guidance Component of the Detroit (Michigan) school desegregation plan was to improve student effectiveness in the areas of personal, social, academic, and career development. Major program functions included individual and group counseling, program selection and placement guidance, career guidance, and…

The goal of the Elementary and Middle School Readinq and Communication Skills Component of the Detroit School desegregation plan was to improve students' reading achievement. The major facet of the program was a reading instruction management system called the Detroit Objective-Referenced Tests System (DORT). DORT is a diagnostic-prescriptive…

School desegregation was implemented in New Castle County, Delaware, in September 1978. This longitudinal study examines the changes that have occurred in the attitudes of students and parents after the first year. Initial differences in attitudes and changes in attitudes for both students and parents are discussed according to original school…

The past 40 years have witnessed changes in the characteristics, training, and social setting of the school superintendent. A 1939 survey showed that superintendents tended to be male, white, married, Protestant, upwardly-mobile, Republican, and from non-urban backgrounds. Most held masters' or baccalaureate degrees. A 1974 survey of Wisconsin…