Background: Research shows that gender differences tend to exist in student motivational-affective factors in core subjects such as math, science or reading, where one gender is stereotypically disadvantaged. Aims: This study aimed to investigate strategies that could reduce these gender differences by conducting a meta-analysis on school-based…

Largely because of its behaviorist roots and despite several progressive education movements, external control has been the primary motivation technique used by educators since the dawn of formal schooling in the United States. Decades of recent research, however, has led to a paradigm shift of sorts, suggesting that by challenging their mental…

Mentoring is considered an evidence-based practice for violence prevention. This study presents a partial replication of the "Take Charge!" program implemented in partnership with Big Brothers Big Sisters of America (BBBS). One hundred and eighty-eight early adolescents (M age = 12.87; 61.17% male) who were treated for peer-related…

Understanding complex (social) phenomena benefits from combining different tools, perspectives, expertise, and experiences. Research designs that combine approaches are gaining in popularity. Carrying out research in interdisciplinary teams, however, is a challenging, high-investment activity. Unawareness of and reflecting on conflicting ways of…

The system architecture of big data in massive open online courses (BD-MOOCs System Architecture) is composed of six components. The first component was comprised of big data tools and technologies such as Hadoop, YARN, HDFS, Spark, Hive, Sqoop, and Flume. The second component was educational data science, which is composed of the following four…

Academic risk taking is a strategy where students engage in more difficult, challenging work in order to reap greater personal or community benefits, despite uncertainty, such as potential failure. A sample (N = 355) of college students from a Midwest university were measured on three dimensions of academic risk-taking as well as two motivational…

Successful and high achieving schools have leaders that establish clarity within the school and know they "have a hand in shaping events" and results they want to achieve (Bandura, 2012, p. 11). Successful and high achieving schools not only implement specific research-based practices that help all students succeed, but they also…

The presence of School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) in the classroom is highly dependent on teacher implementation. However, relatively little research has focused solely on the implementation of SWPBIS components in the classroom environment. This exploratory study utilized an online survey, titled the "SWPBIS…

This study examined the perceptions and lived experiences of student conduct hearing officers relative to the frequency and challenge of student concerns they observe in their roles on small, private college campuses. Using a framework of systems theory and perception theories to inform the work, as well as decades of existing literature, the…

Bullying is a significant problem that has received a great amount of research attention, yet a basic definition of bullying has proven challenging for researchers to agree upon. Differences of definitions between academics and the public pose additional problems for the ongoing study and prevention of bullying. Qualitative methodologies may…

The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of how novice, nontraditionally certified teachers learn classroom management skills and address challenging student behaviors. Alternative teacher preparation programs aim to prepare entry year teachers for the classroom as quickly as possible. While alternative certification programs aim to…

There have been multiple studies with regard to the different aspects of soccer hooliganism throughout the world; the majority of these have been focused internationally. The most common trends of hooliganism examined include: harassment, vandalism, fighting, theft, public intoxication, and crowd disorder revolving around the game of soccer in…

The purpose of the study is to systematically review studies investigating the script fading procedure on individuals with autism and also determine the quality of the studies and the effect size related to the calculations of the percentage of nonoverlapping data (PND) and the percentage of data exceeding the median (PEM) in the studies. The…

The brain must strike a balance between reliable information processing and adaptation to an ever-changing environment. At a gross anatomical level, the brain's wiring diagram is believed to be relatively set after development. Therefore, a fundamental question arises: how does stereotyped wiring lead to flexible dynamics, computation, and…

There is a growing interest in the factors influencing bystanders' interventions in school-bullying. However, perceived social norms, beliefs about what others do (perceived descriptive norms), and what others think one should do (perceived injunctive norms) still require attention. The aim of this study was to investigate whether students…