Attempts to define a discipline of social studies by identifying a philosophy of social studies. Suggests that such a philosophical structure should attempt to develop a systematic, coherent, definable body of thought organized on the basis of structure and process. Uses epistemology, ontology, and axiology as a framework. (DK)

Advocates defining cultural literacy to recognize the mass media's role in transmitting and maintaining cultural stereotypes and shaping values and beliefs. Distinguishes between ideational and material aspects of culture. Advocates teaching critical thinking and respect for persons in light of questionable moral perspectives in certain media…

Argues that students have a moral right to be provided with behavioral objectives for assignments before they are required to complete them; to be tested only on those objectives; to be provided with explicit grading standards; to be active participants in learning; to have frequent opportunities for grading and feedback; that courses be assessed…

Proposes a model of the reader's understanding of simple narrative texts, such as fables. Tests this model by using point generation and fable comprehension data from adult subjects. Identifies three components needed for understanding a fable's moral. Argues that data support the theory propounded. (HB)

Distinguishes between ethical management behavior prescribed by a code of ethics and personal moral judgment (Kohlberg's third level of moral development). Argues that moral ideals translate into moral action only in the presence of capacity for individual reasoning, commitment to ideals, and ability to act accordingly. (SK)

Argues that children do not learn to be moral by obeying others' rules. Advocates an ethical approach that results in a well-formed conscience and reasoned understanding about responsible action. (SK)

Presents a response to Lorraine Code's critique of Carol Gilligan's abortion study. Urges that abortion be read as a socially constructed experience based on more than women's moral decisions. Discusses language and experience to present abortion as an area of contested meaning in historical and ideological constructions of social life. (DK)

School systems are advised to take a lesson from corporations who have created a code of ethical conduct for their employees and have implemented ethics training programs. Outlines steps to create a code of ethical conduct and cites five examples of corporations' ethical codes on the topic of nepotism. (MLF)

The qualities of strong leadership and their applications in library administration are discussed in terms of Shakespeare's "Henry V." It is argued that, unlike the checklists found in management literature, timeless classic texts embody leadership qualities, dynamically illustrating their relevance and applicability. (10 references) (EA)

Article examines interpretive inquiry, which views research as a practical, moral activity similar to other inquiry. It discusses interpretive inquiry goals and procedures, how to do interpretive inquiry, and how to distinguish good from bad research. (SM)

Three papers are presented on the meaning of being ethical in the study of physical activity: (1) "Philosophy of Ethics" (R. S. Kretchmar); (2) "Codes of Ethics: Functions, Form, Structure, Problems, and Possibilities" (W.P. Fraleigh); and (3) "Ethics, Codes, and Behavior" (J.N. Drowatzky). (SM)

Summarizes several creative strategies to increase students' awareness of, and commitment to, constructive values in a classroom setting. These simple exercises include brainstorming and reverse brainstorming, imagining consequences, analogical thinking, empathy, questioning and discussion, and problem-solving approaches. (MLH)

Describes a variety of children's books that can help elementary students explore the qualities that make good leaders. The books (fiction and biography) include stories about past Presidents, people who did inspiring deeds, people with admirable qualities, and children who ran for school office. (SM)

The moral realism of everyday life is neither Piaget's childlike egocentrism nor Gabennesch's reification. Natural moral law is seen by Turiel, a cognitivist, as a code of harm, rights, and justice. Other cognitivists accept codes of duty and natural order. (BC)

Moral judgments are an important aspect of social reasoning, not arbitrary products of social formations. Maintains that Gabennesch relegates moral concepts to reification, failing to account for the distinctions between conventionality and moral concepts. (BC)