This study reports two experiments which indicate that the processes of providing subjects with insightful representations of example programs and guiding subjects through an "ideal" problem solving strategy facilitate learning. A production system model (GRAPES) has been developed that simulates problem-solving and learning in the…

A study using a biasing paradigm examined four hypotheses regarding specific mechanisms thought to underlie the Assimilation-plus-Correction (A-C) theory of schema-text interactions. According to this theory, the ideas implied by a schema (type-1 ideas) are thought to be assimilated and obscured, while those ideas representing novel information…

Although there is a healthy trend toward employment of multivariate statistical methods in the analysis of data from experiments in psychology and education which involve multiple dependent variables, there remains a need to demonstrate the wide variety of data analytic techniques available for post hoc analysis of statistically significant…

Authors who write introductory business statistics texts do not agree on when to use a t distribution and when to use a Z distribution in both the construction of confidence intervals and the use of hypothesis testing. In a survey of textbooks written in the last 15 years, we found the decision rules to be contradictory and, at times, the…

Opening with a discussion of the role of computer simulation in cognitive psychology, this paper proceeds to examine the major perspectives on computer simulation as a tool for theoretical research on cognitive processes. The claim that computer simulation enforces rigor in theory specification is analyzed; the use of simulation as a method for…

A Monte Carlo Study was conducted to evaluate six models commonly used to evaluate change. The results revealed specific problems with each. Analysis of covariance and analysis of variance of residualized gain scores appeared to substantially and consistently overestimate the change effects. Multiple factor analysis of variance models utilizing…

Utilizing data derived from 277 rural, male respondents initially enrolled in Lenawee County, Michigan high schools, the Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale was employed to test the hypothesis that locus of control will have interactive rather than additive effects on the process of status attainment. Locus of control was defined as…

TO DETERMINE WHETHER A CORRELATION EXISTS BETWEEN PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS AND THEIR WILLINGNESS TO IMPLEMENT INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATION, CATTELL'S 16 P.F. QUESTIONNAIRE AND A THREE-PART SCALE ON INNOVATION WERE EMPLOYED TO GATHER DATA FROM 93 IDAHO SUPERINTENDENTS AND 71 SUPERINTENDENTS FROM 12 OTHER STATES WHO HAD BEEN…

IN A STUDY OF GRADING METHODS PRACTICED BY TEACHERS OF 103 SIXTH GRADE CLASSES, IT WAS FOUND THAT USE OF THE I.Q. SYSTEM AS A BASIS FOR ACHIEVEMENT GRADING PRODUCES APPROXIMATELY THE SAME RESULTS AS PERMITTING TEACHERS TO USE THEIR OWN JUDGMENT IN ASSIGNING ACHIEVEMENT GRADES. TWO HYPOTHESES WERE TESTED--(1) THE AVERAGE I.Q. LETTER GRADE OF A…

THE ABC (APPROACH BY CONCEPT) SYSTEM FOR STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO AN EXTENSIVE PERFORMANCE TEST. IN LI 000 318 THE TEST PROGRAM AND SETUP WAS DESCRIBED AS WELL AS THE METHODOLOGY, AND IN THE SECOND REPORT, LI 000 317, A PRELIMINARY STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF THE TEST RESULTS WAS GIVEN. THIS…

THE PROBLEM OF PREDICTING THE PATTERNS OF USE OF LIBRARY MATERIALS IN ORDER TO DECIDE WHICH MONOGRAPHS SHOULD BE REMOVED FROM A MAIN COLLECTION AND PLACED IN STORAGE IS STUDIED IN THIS REPORT. SPECIFICALLY, THE STUDY EXAMINES PREVIOUSLY DEVELOPED MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND DEVELOPS NEW MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING THE…

IN ORDER TO EXAMINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORMAL LIBRARY EDUCATION AND EFFECTIVENESS IN ANSWERING REFERENCE QUESTIONS, FIELD STUDIES WERE CONDUCTED IN WHICH 9 PAIRS OF REFERENCE STAFF MEMBERS IN MEDIUM-SIZED PUBLIC LIBRARIES WERE ASKED A SET OF TEST REFERENCE QUESTIONS AND OBSERVED WHILE THEY ANSWERED THEM. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS WERE THAT--(1) THE…

Young children prefer to match in terms of color rather than form, and between the ages of 4 and 7 years they shift to a preference for form. A current explanation posits that the shift is an adaptive response by the young child to classroom stimuli, which stresses attention to form. In order to test this hypothesis, 120 children (5- and…

Several tasks were developed to investigate adolescents' ability to see correlations in data and to test hypotheses. Emphasis was placed on methodology: do students clearly understand the problem and do the tasks tap the skills they claim to? The 20 ninth-grade and 20 eleventh-grade boys and 15 college freshmen were tested. Most students did…