The competencies needed by a successful teacher in instruction are those needed to do whatever is required, within moral limits, to (1) change the truth value of the premises in the practical argument in the mind of the child, or to (2) complete those premises, or to (3) add to the range of premises accessible to the child in the formation of…

Explicates how teachers' control over classroom discourse patterns during teaching-learning activities influences the types of knowledge children create and acquire. Examines the relationship between two types of teacher-child discourse commonly used in early childhood classrooms and the semiotic tools children appropriate through participation in…

A study compared moral reasoning patterns of 17 violent children (ages 10-13) with emotional and behavioral disorders and their aggressive parents to matched controls. When presented with family and peer violence scenarios, the violent children and parents referred more to rules prohibiting provocation rather than to rules prohibiting physical…

Four moral imperatives for professionals working with children with emotional/behavioral disabilities are discussed: students have a right to a safe and appropriate education; an array of services is necessary; lack of knowledge exceeds understanding of behavior/emotional conditions; and what is done is as important as how it is done. (CR)

Presents the basics of intellectual development that are needed to comprehend college students' ethical development. Discusses character development, tolerance for diversity, and intellectual development. Profiles a model of morality. Explores interpretative systems for determining the moral ideal, and provides case studies that illustrate the…

Examines current British concerns about the need for values education from the perspective of postmodern social theorists. Argues that, viewed sociologically, the current approach to values education is broadly functionalist (and conservative), for it fails to come to terms with the deep structure of contemporary society, specifically consumerism…

Relates a chaplain's experience with college students' behavior and values. Argues that the current generation of students has been abandoned by society and that it is essential that adults be involved in students' lives. Advocates that the classical ideals of higher education be recovered and that campuses foster friendship between generations.…

The relationship between professions and society is changing rapidly. However, society still values the physician as healer and professional. Medicine's professional associations and academic institutions must ensure that all physicians understand professionalism and accept its obligations. They should encourage physicians' moral and intellectual…

Environmental educators must first identify and then overcome barriers to ecology and sustainability education. Students need curriculum and materials to learn and apply appropriate skills, and they must learn to question deep-rooted cultural assumptions about ownership and exploitation of the environment. Environmental education must permeate…

The experience of middle-school reformers during the past 30 years has shown that administrative/organizational changes are more easily achieved than changes in people. Using teaming, block scheduling, and other middle-level approaches to personalize high schools and make them more relevant may help today's adolescents regain feelings of purpose,…

Maps the intersection of cultural diversity, reflective teaching, and moral value, synthesizing them into a consistent model and exploring implications for teaching and teacher education. This model of reflection is phronesis, the virtue of thought that permits correct reasoning in decisions involving virtues of character. Illustrated by stories…

Discusses a study involving experienced teachers that illustrates a developmental methodology for promoting technical performance dimensions and moral and conceptual reasoning. Argues this learning-teaching framework (LTF) uses role taking, guided inquiry, balance, support and challenge, continuity and instructional coaching in educational…

Explores preferences for different types of moral arguments when thinking about moral dilemmas concerning lesbian and gay issues. Presents data collected from student questionnaires (n=545) at British universities. Shows that respondents do not apply moral reasoning consistently and do not favor human rights reasoning when thinking about…

Reviews studies examining differences in moral schema development, using techniques that range from measuring implicit knowledge (such as the defining issues test) and explicit knowledge (such as with the moral judgment interview). Finds significant differences in the comprehension of moral narratives based on age/education and level of expertise.…

Examined attitudes of 19 British university students concerning plagiarism and cheating. Found strong moral basis for student perceptions, focusing on values such as friendship, trust, and good learning; lack of clarity concerning what constitutes plagiarism; and influence of factors such as alienation from the institution, large classes, and…