The community education concept is defined in terms of increased school-community relations and use of facilities, integrated k-12 curriculum, community involvement, programs and services for all age groups, and interagency coordination. The possibilities for community education centers and programs in rural areas are discussed in this article.…

Briefly outlines the history of the Doctor of Arts Degree and reviews its present status. The Doctor of Arts Degree is described as a post-master's degree designed to prepare college teachers who are also scholars and offers as a major field a discipline broadly interpreted as spanning several related disciplines. (Author/RK)

A program for teaching relational vocabulary in classroom settings has three receptive steps for identifying the target word and three expressive steps for using the target word. These methods focus on the systematic modification of both example presentation (including non-defining characteristics and situational distractions) and response…

The original authors address several concerns expressed in four responses to their article: terminology; the need for expert and intensive pedagogy (including early intensive language training); pessimistic attitudes; the need for caution in setting total habilitation as a goal; and a research model. (KM)

Discusses difficulties in defining instructional systems design (ISD) and presents five ways the field is viewed, ranging from a narrow view emphasizing media selection to a complete ISD view. The ISD view emphasizes five main components: educational theory and research, system analysis, diffusion, consulting/interpersonal relations, and project…

Defines substandard housing and summarizes newly derived data from the 1980 Census showing that 7.5% of all rural occupied housing in the Nation was substandard. Points out regional and rural-urban differences. Notes effects on rural housing of poverty rates, percentage of nonwhite households, average household size, growth in county population,…

State guidelines for 1985-86 concerning definitions, methods, and procedures used to diagnose mental retardation were compared to those of 1981-82. Although states varied widely, more states are now either mentioning or specifying IQ, adaptive behavior, and academic achievement criteria. An IQ cutoff of 75 is more common than in 1981-82.…

Presents a study which investigated whether elementary school children could gain significantly in verbal reasoning about the definition of art. Reports that fifth and sixth grade students have the intellectual potential to improve their verbal reasoning if provided an adequate background in art education. (GEA)

The article reviews findings regarding the use of severe discrepancy formulas in the identification of learning disabilities by the Work Group on Measurement Issues in the Assessment of Learning Disabilities. Associated problems such as overreliance on test scores and the exclusion of the teacher in educational decision making are discussed.…

Provides a framework for understanding the concept of validity and how it applies to simulation research. Extant tests of validity are discussed in terms of this framework, and a general schema for testing validity is proposed. (MBR)

Notes problems with the current emphasis on summative evaluation of student progress and argues that a formative approach would be more beneficial for students and teachers, offering both groups greater understanding of the learning taking place. Discusses practicalities of adopting formative evaluation procedures, e.g., teacher training, computer…

Data from empirical research of the early mother-child relationship show that the pedagogical relationship is a special one, connected with social and socio-cultural conditions, but distinguished by its specific characteristics from all other human relations. It is defined as the conceptual framework that makes human development possible. (RM)

Discusses a foreign language pedagogy that facilitates teaching for communication and teaching grammar, which is defined as a system for converting meaning into language. The teacher is advised to do in the classroom only what cannot be done elsewhere. Four instructional tactics are described. (SED)

Definitions are provided, fundamental goals and issues are described, and approaches to quality assurance are reviewed. These topics are oriented in terms of their relationship to dental education and comprehensive care. (MLW)

Reviews arguments for, but questions the validity of, the "information society" and presents a personal view of communication which includes six "laws" (e.g., communication usually fails, except by chance) and a situational model (same messages and communications may create different effects in different communication…