Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe the expressive sign vocabularies of a group of children learning Australian Sign Language (Auslan). Method: The spontaneous signs of 44 children aged 3.0-6.8 years enrolled in one early-years bilingual-bicultural educational program were documented using a new approach, the Handshape Analysis Recording…

Background Study: In the field of English as a foreign language education, receptive skills such as listening and reading play a vital role in learners' academic success and professional development. These skills not only improve language comprehension but also facilitate language production. Objectives: Therefore, the primary objective of this…

The Production-oriented Approach (POA) is an emerging language teaching method tailored to the characteristics of Chinese learners, but the existing experimental studies have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, this study employs a comprehensive meta-analysis to assess the overall effectiveness of POA on students' English language skills, and…

Many classrooms include students who use multiple languages other than the school-sanctioned or teacher's language(s). This study asks how English-medium teachers develop language ideologies that support critical translingual literacy instruction. Using a collective case study, we ask how five English-medium teachers in a U.S. graduate course name…

Considering the universality of writing struggles faced by both the students and teachers, it is an unexpected observation to find that there are most likely only a dozen or so systematic reviews on the topic. Among these reviews, none so far have focused on identifying and discussing English writing instructional models. This paper systematically…

While reflection on one's own developing language teacher identity is a valuable experience for TESOL student teachers, written reflections and concerns about evaluation make it challenging to engage in authentic reflection. This paper reports on a novel method--meme creation and collaborative analysis via a descriptive review process--to…

Morphological structure exerts an influence on acoustic duration. But does it also influence typing duration? The present article reports an experimental study that tests for the influence of morphological structure on typing timing. It is also a first of its kind comparison between spoken and written language production within the same paradigm,…

It has been largely argued that intrinsic motivation is the best and most effective in sustaining language learning. Deci and Flaste (1996) posit that motivation must come from within. While this might be possible and effective in contexts where learners have a personal interest in learning a language, it is not always the case for those learning…

This study aimed to explore 1) Thai learners' selections of single-word and multi-word units in English language production, and 2) the reasons for their selections of single-word and multi-word units. The participants in this study comprised 202 undergraduate students. Three research instruments were used in this study: a comprehension test, a…

This mixed-methods case study investigates learner engagement during pair work, focusing on four key aspects--behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and social engagement--and how these relate to task performance. The study included 60 university students (34 females, 26 males) learning English as a second language, who collaborated in pairs on a…

Studying modern languages has been part of Australian tertiary education from close to its beginning. This study, which uses an online content analysis approach, analyses current units of study in each Australian public university teaching modern languages. Set in the context of the origin and development of this field, together with contemporary…

Online learning programs provide real time feedback and offer some degree of access to "real" oral communication, yet these platforms, for the most part, involve using the software in isolation. Though Rosetta Stone is designed for independent learning, the present study experiments with a model for implementing it as a collaborative…

Recent developments in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) technologies have had significant implications for English language education worldwide, opening up new opportunities and challenges. Both researchers and practitioners are increasingly exploring the necessary capabilities that English language learners should possess in relation to…

Recent investigations in automated essay scoring research imply that hybrid models, which combine feature engineering and the powerful tools of deep neural networks (DNNs), reach state-of-the-art performance. However, most of these findings are from holistic scoring tasks. In the present study, we use a total of four prompts from two different…

Background: English second language (ESL) and English foreign language (EFL) vocabulary learning play a vital role in success in higher education. However, traditional vocabulary learning methods can be time-consuming, demotivating, and ineffective. Recent technological developments offer engaging and immersive methods for vocabulary learning,…