Three high schol teachers in Tempe, Arizona, have improved students' speaking and writing proficiency by applying the principles of outcome-based education to their ninth grade English classes. These teachers abolished "D" grades, clearly defined expectations and offered expanded opportunities to master material. (MLH)

This paper shows how social factors may be causal factors for the poor socioeconomic status of deaf persons. Historical social attitudes toward deafness are reviewed. Poor socioeconomic status is explained through application of psychosocial theories including mistaken lifestyles, faulty family relationships, self-fulfilling prophecy, the role of…

A review of research on student cognitive processes considers students' perceptions and expectations, students' perceptions of teachers' actions, attention, motivation, factual learning and memory, comprehension and knowledge acquisition, and learning strategies and metacognitive processes and suggests implications for teacher education in each of…

Although schools can do little to help youth from desperately poor, violent, or drug-addicted families, they can educate other at-risk youngsters who are discouraged or defeated learners. Schools can raise these kids' self-esteem by bestowing serious work assignments, (not "warm fuzzies"), solitary learning space, or external rewards for everyday…

Explores cultural conditions (high student achievement, student success expectations, student-tailored instruction, participative management, and student-oriented climate) and relationships (strong community support, selection for quality, assumption of competence, and others) within five school districts that promote change and implementation of…

Examined quality of relationships between rural (N=111) and urban (N=112) older parents and their children. For rural parents, proximity to child was most important contributor to high quality relationship, followed by internal locus of control and low filial expectations. Internal locus of control was most important factor of high quality…

To help adolescents resolve problems with self-esteem, communication, conflict resolution, sex roles, and expectations, the author (a former divorce counselor) developed Dynamics of Relationships program allowing youngsters a chance to talk openly about sensitive personal issues. Piloted in Washington, D.C., schools, the program depends on…

Provides mathematical activities in reproducible formats appropriate for students in grades 7-12. The objective is to practice using area models in analyzing compound situations and calculating the expected value or long-term average. (PK)

Maintains that parents and teachers of toddlers need to see "toddlerhood" as a special and distinct stage of development with its own set of tasks and behaviors, when creating age-appropriate activity programs in home or group settings. Gives eleven ways that such programs can be made to fit toddlers. (BB)

This study attempted to determine the effects of students' motor ability level on teacher expectations and dyadic interactions within individual, competitive, and cooperative instructional settings in elementary physical education classes. Results are discussed. (Author/DF)

A study of university students suggests a complex shift in the meaning of "success" since the early 1970s. New definitions emphasize the following: (1) need for varied skills and adaptable personalities; (2) expectation of multiple career paths; (3) rejection of traditional ideas of success; and (4) hard work as a prescription for life. (PS)

Ways in which the fragile nature of the authority to teach can be damaged or disturbed are explored. Teachers need to reflect on specific classroom practices and consider how patterns of expectation may condition their effective authority. (CB)

Preschool, third-grade and sixth-grade children, and adults were shown vignettes depicting eight types of experiences and asked for their own (for children) or the children's (for adults) expected emotional reactions. Overall, adults showed an absence of developmental considerations in their implicit theories of children's emotional…

This study investigates students achievement in physics and related Piagetian tasks in relation to noninduced student expectations and sex and sex-role stereotyped expectations. Data revealed that subjects' achievement expectations were significantly related to their achievement. Significant relationship and interaction effects were recorded…

Reviews literature on member characteristics and conditions that increase the likelihood of group participation. Describes positive consequences of small group participation and antecedents to participation including attitudes, atmosphere, leader characteristics, expectations, and group structure. (JAC)