Alcoholism research has independently focused on background characteristics and alcohol-related expectations, e.g., social and physical pleasure, reduced tension, and increased assertiveness, as important variables in identifying high risk individuals. To assess the utility of alcohol reinforcement expectations as predictors of drinking patterns,…

A study investigated the influence of various information sources on graduate students' communicative, social, and academic expectations. Specifically, the study examined whether (1) those students who received preentry information about a university from an informal source would perceive that more of their expectations were met than would those…

Youth is considered to be a developmental stage between childhood and adulthood. In this stage, adolescents have to master certain developmental tasks step by step, and as they manage to do so, they will grow to the status of adulthood. This study examined how adolescents direct themselves towards the expectations and conduct requirements of their…

As the American population continues to age, more and more adult children and their elderly parents are examining their beliefs about what constitutes appropriate filial behavior. This study was conducted to investigate filial responsibility expectations endorsed by a randomly selected sample of 144 elder parent-adult child pairs from the…

Although expectations about counseling and psychotherapy have much potential influence on the tendency of elderly persons to seek counseling and on their response to the counseling encounter, there is little research available to assist those providing psychological services to this population. Expectations about counseling among the elderly were…

This paper is a product of Project COMPETE, a service demonstration project undertaken for the purpose of developing and validating a model and training sequence to improve transition services for moderately, severely, and profoundly retarded youth. The paper reports on a study which surveyed 58 parents of moderately, severely, and profoundly…

The school effectiveness experiences of urban public school systems in America serve as a pivotal means of developing understanding of the potential for success inherent in school improvement strategies. The school effectiveness movement began in the mid-1960s with researchers such as Coleman, Jencks, and Jensen. Aggregated quantitative data…

While women are more involved in work outside the home and changes in traditional role orientations are occurring, the nature and extent of such changes remain unclear. A questionnaire was administered to 126 male and 94 female college students to examine their career, marriage, and family expectations. The results indicated that although career,…

Observational records presented in this report demonstrate the powerful influence that adults have on the developing literacy of young children. The report reveals the role that language plays in contextually providing adults' expectations for the extent of children's participation in written language events. Observations of 4-year-old fraternal…

The utility of a design measuring actual, ideal, and expected sex-role attitudes was demonstrated with a 25-item survey administered to 155 undergraduate men and women under different instructional sets. Although relatively liberal attitudes were expressed overall, men generally expressed less egalitarian attitudes than did women. Moreover,…

This paper, which concerns changes in beliefs of parents whose children were making the transition from elementary to junior high school, describes changes in parents' (1) perceptions of their children's abilities and effort in English, math, social activities, and athletics; (2) expectations for their children's performance in each of the four…

The activities in this packet are designed to help students understand how stereotypes establish expectations for people based on sex roles. Helping students learn and recognize sex role stereotypes is an ongoing process wherein brief classroom activities can be integrated into basic academic programs offered at the secondary level. In many…

Continuing motivation has been defined as an individual's willingness to return to a task or task area at a subsequent time, in similar or varying circumstances, without visible external pressure to do so, and when other behavior alternatives are available. In the current study, path models from Weiner's theory of motivation were developed to…

The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in parental motivation, but little is known about the psychological factors underlying fertility rates and motivation. To examine the relationship of individual personality factors and expected family size and specific values about having children, 341 college students completed a questionnaire, the…

A survey was made of parental expectations of secular and religious teachers at a Jewish day school in a large metropolitan area located in the Ohio Valley. The school, with a student population of 108 students, employs 6 secular and 4 religious teachers. A high response rate (61 percent) was received from the parents. Findings indicated that…