A temporal theory of motivation is proposed in which causes, causal dimensions, psychological consequences (expectancy and affect), and behavioral outcomes play a role in the dynamics of action. The discussion of methodological errors in attribution research that follows examines shortcomings at each of these conceptual stages in the motivational…

Examined the athletic expectations of high school male athletes (N=386). Results showed that 36 percent of the Black starters and 14 percent of the White starters expected to become professional athletes, although other data indicate only 2 percent will succeed. Race and coaches' encouragement were significant predictors. (JAC)

A study was conducted to replicate previous findings concerning naive judges' negative immediate impressions of learning disabled children. Results indicated that while second grade learning disabled boys were judged as at least as adaptable as and less hostile than nonlearning disabled children, the opposite results were obtained with fourth…

The mechanism of the self-fulfilling prophecy is examined in relation to feedback, pupil self-expectancy, and the wider educational environment. Categories of necessary conditions for the successful communication of teachers' expectations include external conditions at school, teachers' and pupils' values and expectations, and teachers' and…

Historically, public schools have been expected to fulfill social, economic, and political mandates that were unrealistically optimistic. Given past and current social priorities and resources, perhaps the public expects too much from the schools. (PP)

Discusses several research studies which show that what teachers expect of their pupils is usually what they get from them. (JOW)

Examined interpersonal influence process within counseling including relationship between perceived counselor expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness and client satisfaction; between client expectations on perceived counselor expertness, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and client satisfaction; and effects of actual counselor experience…

Expectations, often idealistic, of beginning teachers are listed and described in the areas of the teaching experience, classroom activities, teacher concerns, teacher preparation, teacher-parent-student relationships, teacher evaluations, professional status, workload, teacher administrator relationship, support services, and school organization.…

Describes a study which investigated whether differences in teacher verbal interactions with students are a function of achievement expectations and sex differences. Ten fourth grade social studies teachers and 120 students were observed using the Brophy-Good dyadic observation system. Results indicated that achievement expectations, but not sex,…

Traces the changing views on the role and status of male early childhood education teachers in the forties and fifties (male prohibition), the sixties and early seventies (the macho image), and the late seventies and early eighties (the age of androgyny).

Tested and extended Deaux's expectancy model of sex-linked differences in attribution for success. Finding's indicated that female occupational subjects, relative to males, tended to attribute success more to unstable causes of effort and luck. Male subjects attributed success more to the stable causes of ability and task ease. (Author/RC)