This document presents, for local Urban League affiliates and community-based organizations, a framework for developing and conducting locally operated mentor programs. The development of mentoring programs has been an incremental process. Mentoring programs now contain some elements that other programs lack, such as an emphasis on self-esteem,…

This study examined preservice teachers' expectations of their field experiences and how those expectations were met. The study population included primarily college sophomores who were either elementary or secondary education majors at a medium-sized university. An expectation checklist was given to 110 students prior to the field experience at…

Mastery motivation is considered important because it promotes competence and is believed to be the precursor to achievement motivation. Focusing on toddlers between 16 and 22 months old, this study examined the relationship between mastery motivation and environmental contributors, such as maternal expectations, and cultural orientation in Puerto…

This book describes an approach to enhancing student learning by being fully aware of each students' interactive learning patterns. The book explains how differences experienced in the classroom between learners and lessons are frequently due to the learner's inability to see the lesson's relevance, significance, or value. The book helps teachers…

This paper offers strategies for implementing student-generated games that focus on interpersonal communication skill development and suggestions for appropriate instructor and student evaluation measures. In today's classroom, games can be used to teach subject matter to adult students with the added advantage of making learning fun. (Appendixes…

This paper reviews several studies on preschoolers' perceptions of alcohol and drug use. The studies make five main points: (1) the process of socialization to alcohol and drug involvement begins earlier than adolescence, and involves the ability to identify alcohol and drugs by name, class, and smell; (2) the process of socialization involves…

This packet contains 27 transparency masters and a script for instructor presentation of a 1-hour workshop on the Pygmalion effect in training. It is aimed at trainers as well as classroom teachers. The focus of the guide is on how trainers'/teachers' behavior toward students influences the outcome of training, with high expectations leading to…

Recognizing that classrooms are complex settings in which effective teaching cannot be the end result of merely following a list of rules and regulations, this monograph provides practicing reading teachers with appropriate information based on current teacher-effectiveness research so that they can be informed by the best of current thinking to…

Recent research on teachers' expectations has begun to explore the factors underlying the link between expectations and performance. To investigate the relationship between the affective responses of teachers and students' attributions regarding effort versus ability, 130 college students (66 male, 64 female) were instructed in solving anagrams…

According to the major attributional hypotheses, egotism and expectancy confirmation, people tend to make internal attributions when successful and external attributions when they fail. In order to investigate the effect of manipulation on egotistical and expectancy confirmation attributions, 190 female undergraduates participated in two series of…

Adolescent offspring of alcoholics have been found to have higher alcohol reinforcement expectancies than do teenagers from nonalcoholic families. In particular, those with a positive family history of alcoholism expect more cognitive and motor enhancement with alcohol consumption. This study examined the alcohol expectancies of 58 matched pairs…

This study investigated the extent to which school experience affects the perceptions and practices of teachers of gifted/talented children. A group of teachers with experience of school programs for gifted/talented children was compared with a group that had not been involved in any special programs. The experienced group showed greater…

This paper reviews recent literature regarding the impact of teacher expectations on student performance. The first section reviews recent literature with respect to teacher expectations in which teacher characteristics were viewed as the dependent variable in the interaction. The focus of the second section is to review recent literature where…

Drug and alcohol abuse remains one of the most serious problems facing our society today. This study proposed that expected consequences of resisting peer pressure to drink alcohol may be important influences on actual drinking behavior and focused on describing these expectations. Sixth-graders (N=70) were presented with a hypothetical dilemma…

Summaries of talks from this 3-day conference emphasize the potential of all students from any background to succeed in their education. One keynote speaker urges restructuring of educators' beliefs that many children cannot achieve at the level of a high school graduate. Speakers describe successful programs to encourage female school…