A study examined the relationship between teacher's conceptions and practices during writing instruction. A pool of 27 third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade teachers completed structured questionnaires on their conceptions about writing instruction. From the original pool, 10 subjects were chosen because they held the most disparate conceptions about…

Enlistment intentions, educational expectations, and sociodemographic factors were examined in the context of their pairwise relationship to the enlistment decision. A model was developed relating enlistments to stated intentions and other variables. This model was then statistically estimated from a sample from the National Longitudinal Survey.…

Explored with a causal modeling approach were relationships among (1) student socioeconomic status (SES), (2) students', teachers', and principals' expectations for and attributed responsibility for students' learning, and (3) students' achievement. Participants were 76 principals, 250 teachers, and 5,289 third-grade students included in a sample…

Environmental assessment, which involves examining the perceptions of people in a given environment or social climate (socially agreed upon norms for acceptable behaviors) is one method of placing behavior in context. The University of Maryland, College Park, conducted a student survey in order to examine the social climate through a study of…

Traditional sex roles are changing in the areas of work, marriage, and family. Two studies were conducted to examine college students' actual expectations toward their own careers, marriages, and parenthood. In the first study, 167 college students completed a questionnaire in which they judged their past and expected future life employment…

A study examined the relationships between the motivational variables of self-efficacy (the belief that one is capable of performing effectively) and outcome expectancies (contingency or causal dependency between actions and results) and performance in reading and writing. Subjects, 153 college students, completed measures of self-efficacy for…

This paper describes how teachers of young children who are also mothers of young children perceived and dealt with problems in their dual role. Three specific questions were addressed: (1) How do teacher/mothers perceive the interaction between the two roles? (2) What positive and negative effects does each of the two roles have on the…

This report summarizes activities of the pilot year (1981-82) of the Louisiana School Effectiveness Study (LSES), a five-year exploration of those factors that make some of Louisiana's schools more effective than others in educating students. The pilot year of the project was conducted in the Caddo Parish School System and accomplished two tasks:…

Much has been written about the conflicts that women experience when they combine work and family roles into one life style. This study focused on how the issue of the marriage-career conflict played itself out in the lives of women who graduated from college in 1967. Data were obtained from a stratified random sample of female college graduates…

Two variables, expectations and self-efficacy, were investigated to illuminate their relationship with achievement. The school was the unit of analysis chosen, and three levels of subjects were evaluated--students, teachers, and principals. Students, teachers, and principals within high achieving schools were hypothesized to evidence significantly…

Previous research and literature have shown that college students' and premarital couples' perceptions and attitudes toward marriage and family are only partially understood by researchers and educators. This study was conducted to examine the attitudes of Mexican American and Anglo American college students regarding marriage partners. Students…

Knowledge about client expectations of counseling is important in its contribution to theory and practice, particularly for those ethnic and cultural populations presently underserved. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among acculturation and expectations about counseling in a majority (non-Hispanic) and minority…

As a result of the overwhelming amount of print and electronic advertisements which compete for consumer attention, advertisers must find effective methods to get through the ad clutter and capture their audience's interest. Several tactics can accomplish this strategy, including the tactic of breaking or reversing audience expectations or…

Examined were relationships between children's popularity and: (1) the types of solutions children generated to common social dilemmas; (2) what they reported they would do in similar situations; (3) their statements regarding conflict participants' intent; and (4) what they expected to happen next in conflict situations. Subjects were 95…

This address first briefly reviews what children are expected to know and be able to do when they reach adulthood and considers the critical developmental tasks which they must engage in and go through to meet such expectations. Then, consideration is given to the institutions of social networks in which development occurs as they operated in the…