In this study the effects of factors of ascription, achievement, and educational expectations on the type of college attended by blacks and whites who participated in the 1972 National Longitudinal Survey are examined. Findings indicate that the variables used in past models of educational attainment were also important in determining the type of…

Utilizing data derived from 277 rural, male respondents initially enrolled in Lenawee County, Michigan high schools, the Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale was employed to test the hypothesis that locus of control will have interactive rather than additive effects on the process of status attainment. Locus of control was defined as…

Two experiments were conducted to determine: (1) whether fear of success, as measured by three different instruments, interacts with subjects' expectancies of success to affect performance on exams in college courses; (2) whether fear of success can be clearly distinguished from fear of failure; and (3) whether males and females differ on fear of…

With fragmentation the dominant trend in academic settings around the world, the larger wholes of profession, enterprise, and system are less held together by integrative ideology. Strong ideological bonding is characteristic of the parts, primarily the disciplines. The larger aggregations are made whole mainly by formal superstructure, many…

Evaluability assessment is a descriptive and analytic process intended to produce a reasoned basis for proceeding with an evaluation of use to both management and policymakers. It was jointly developed by the members of the program evaluation group of the Urban Institute between 1968 and 1978. The approach begins by obtaining management's…

Researchers and the committees established for the protection of research participants are obliged to consider the ratio of ethical costs to benefits when making decisions about whether a study should be conducted. Pre- and post-questionnaires were administered to students participating in reserach projects to assess their opinions concerning…

For many years researchers have investigated the relationship between alcohol consumption and human aggression. A "policy-capturing" methodology was used to determine how judgments of responsibility for aggressive behavior are influenced by information about a person's alcohol consumption, sex, and degree of injury to a victim. Male subjects (N=8)…

A number of examples are presented to illustrate a common flaw in the published research on learning, memory, and instruction. Experimental subjects--often college students--have certain expectations about the problems they will be asked to solve and about the questions that will appear on reading comprehension or recall tests; these expectations…

Parents' perceptions and preferences concerning sex differences in emotionality in children were investigated by means of a questionnaire which separated attitudes about intensity from attitudes about frequency of emotional expression. The attitudes of 24 working-class parents (4 males and 20 females) whose children attended day care were compared…

The feasibility of evaluating the performance of student teachers by observing the academic achievement of pupils was explored. The following questions were posed: Do expectancies of learners held by student teachers influence pupil achievement on a single instructional unit when prior achievement of pupils is held constant? Does the amount of…

Three factors in the reader have a generalized effect on all perception, including reading: competence, purpose, and set. Competence involves applying past learning to new learning through transference, understanding the conventions of different types of texts, and transforming the text through the perceptual process into a new entity. Competent…

This study compares teacher and observer adjective descriptions of student characteristics to teacher rankings of the same students' characteristics on a series of 13 rating scales. Data reported were collected as part of the Student Attribute Study, a 2-year investigation designed to identify student characteristics which are associated with…

This report provides previously unpublished data gathered during Project Focus, a nationwide sample survey of community and junior colleges, on the vocational plans and expectations of full-time students enrolled in fall 1970. The data were drawn from a sample of 10,250 student responses from 92 institutions. The report tabulates data on student…

The primary purpose of this study was to replicate and extend research in the area of teachers expectancies toward an adult education population in a remedial course, the General Technical Review Course at a military base in the Southeastern United States. The students, 68 blacks, 27 whites, and 12 Spanish speakers were initially administered an…

Predicting student success in various academic situations has traditionally been via the use of cognitive pre-tests, or other non-attitudinal measures. A study grouped students, (approximately 75 percent female, primarily college sophomores enrolled in a semester-length audiovisual course), according to individual pro-instructional expectancy…