Eight kindergarten teachers identified 53 students who were likely to experience difficulty in school and profiled the students in terms of pupil characteristics that are, according to research, implicated in early school performance. Low scores in student behavior, family structure, language, personality, and age were most representative of the…

Examined relationships of measures of occupational and academic self-efficacy; vocational interests; outcome expectations; academic ability; and perceived stress, support, and coping to academic achievement of engineering/science majors (n=197). Self-efficacy for academic milestones, in combination with other academic and support variables, was…

New Standards Project is consortium of 17 states and 6 leading school districts working with cluster of specialists to design and implement system of performance standards, authentic assessments, and professional development aimed at improving educational equity and excellence. New matrix examinations and portfolios will yield results that can be…

Two studies analyzed structure and content of teachers' theories of intelligence, noting relationships between theories and educational goals. Teachers provided lists of behaviors characterizing intelligent persons. Other teachers rated characteristics and educational goals using those behaviors. Teachers based intelligence on conceptual thinking…

Discusses how stressful ninth grade is for adolescents, noting that adults' expectations of ninth graders' cognitive abilities may result in stressful experiences that are life-threatening for some (with suicide and drugs being common reactions). Suggestions are made for appropriate teacher education courses, curriculum materials, and…

Illegal parking in spaces reserved for people with physical disabilities was examined across three conditions: a vertical sign alone or in combination with a message sign announcing public surveillance or a message device dispensing reminder notes and announcing community involvement. Messages increasing expectation of negative social consequences…

This study examined self-assessments of 40 medical residents and competence expectations of 4 primary care internal medicine faculty and 10 medical specialty faculty. Specialty faculty members reported higher expectations for diagnostic performance than did faculty in primary care. Involvement of residents and faculty members in developing…

Urges cooperation between students and teachers as a means of enabling teachers to help students reach their fullest potential. Lists characteristics of cooperation, including motivational basis, character and forms of interaction, and presence of interpersonal relations in and outside of joint activity. Stresses the importance of developing a…

Reports results of Dutch study of presuppositions about teachers' diagnostic skills in determining school readiness. Lists a sequence of 5 different levels of functions and behaviors of 13 cognitive functions used in the study. Concludes that teachers accurately judged the cognitive levels of children who were shown less school ready by an…

Although families and early experiences have changed markedly, teacher roles have not. Traditional classroom management approaches are ineffective with children raised with little attention to timeliness, spatial rules, and property rights. Teachers must understand differences in value structures to motivate students and help them respond…

A survey of 417 high-achieving high schoolers, 103 young prison inmates, and 105 dropouts enrolled in a GED program disclosed significant differences between high-achieving and less-successful adolescents regarding family background, interactions with parents, religious versus material orientation, self-motivation, and interest in school…

Preservice teachers observed 288 elementary students during language arts instruction. High achievers spent twice as much time as low achievers completely involved in work, although low achievers spent three times as much time as high achievers definitely not involved in work. The effectiveness of curricular tasks in promoting expected behavior is…

Reviews the emerging second wave of research generated by many different countries and relates findings about good school characteristics to broader managerial issues concerned with the actual implementation of effective schools research. School improvement programs should be school-based and "whole school"-oriented and dependent on outside…

Contends that one of the most important concerns of preservice teachers centers around the potential of teacher burnout. Discusses issues related to recognizing and remedying teacher burnout. Provides a 12-item bibliography of selected readings on the subject. (CFR)

A study involving 70 grade school children shows that mothers are fairly accurate in estimating their children's abilities (IQ). Accuracy of estimation does not predict achievement or school grades, but mothers' demands of children are related to beliefs about ability and the children's levels of achievement. (SLD)