Fifty-three infants were observed at 6 and 12 months during two 24-minute play sessions and administered Bayley Scales of Infant development at 6 and 12 months and McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities at 30 months. Findings indicated that infant behaviors predicting competence change with age; mastery behavior appears to predict development…

Findings argue for an increased emphasis on temperament research in the first postpartum months, for the development of more age-appropriate assessments, for the simultaneous use of multiple measures in such research, and for the continued inclusion of mothers as credible observers of infant behavior. (Author/RH)

Concludes from review of the empirical literature and theories regarding retirement issues that industrial/organizational psychologists have the opportunity to contribute to knowledge about retirement because of their dual interests in both individuals and organizations and because of their tradition of scientific rigor. (Author/BL)

Investigated determinants of weight gain after quitting smoking in two smoking treatment outcome studies. Results indicated abstinence resulted in weight gain, and postquitting weight gain was predicted by pretreatment tobacco use, a history of weight problems, and eating patterns. Relapse to smoking did not follow weight gain. (Author/BL)

Examined the families of origin of suicidal females, with particular focus on their parents. Five parental characteristics are identified and described: nonnurturing parents, absent parents, abusive parents, mentally ill parents, and alcoholic parents, and their relationship to the individuals' suicidal behaviors is discussed. (Author/BL)

Studies two groups of autistic children--good versus poor verbal imitators--within the context of a receptive label acquisition task. Both groups acquired receptive signs. However, good imitators acquired receptive speech whereas poor imitators typically did not. (Author/AS)

Examined 100 adult probation cases to determine personal characteristics related to recidivism. Results showed 86 percent of the cases were completed successfully. A significant relationship was found between recidivism and school grade completed, prior criminal record, age at first arrest and number of prior arrests. (JAC)

Examined the alcohol expectancies of college students (N=321) as a function of their drinking pattern and compared expectancies to demographic/background variables for their ability to predict problematic and nonproblematic drinking patterns. Results indicated that alcohol expectancies increase the predictability of college drinking patterns and…

Developed a measure of burnout for college students and created a profile of burned-out students based on "level of functioning" variables. Students (N=120) completed a series of tests. Results showed burnout to be related to measures of memory, learning style, self-esteem, vocational self-concept, and sensation seeking. (BH)

Examined the amount of time women (N=199) took to progress from making a decision to divorce to the filing of a petition for divorce. Results indicated a wide time range, with age at marriage, number of years married, and who had been most in favor of divorce making independent and significant contributions to the prediction. (Author/BL)

Investigated antecedents of marital infidelity for individuals (N=59) involved with coworkers or others. Data suggested that persons involved with coworkers had more satisfying marriages and scored higher on the Compatibility Index than those involved with others. The number of liaisons was not correlated with age or age at marriage. (JAC)

Compared reasons given by divorced men and women (N=335) for the failure of their marriages. Structural and demographic variables, including sex, socioeconomic status, religion, age at marriage, parental approval, duration, number of children, and premarital acquaintance were mentioned. Results suggested that different types of marriage breakdown…

Used data from two National Surveys of Family Growth (N=14,000) to estimate the fertility of married couples by religious group. Results are presented in terms of religious and racial differences, controlling for age, education and residence, and indicate that religious affiliation continues to be an indispensable datum. (JAC)

Using data from a longitudinal study of adolescent boys, examines whether appearance (including dress and grooming) has an effect on school achievement, popularity with peers, self-concept, happiness, aspirations and expectations, honesty and kindness, and delinquent behavior. (GC)

Examines whether physical punishment and consistency of discipline interact in their effect on delinquency. Distinguishes between "intermittent discipline" and "inconsistent demands." Finds that if parental demands are consistent, physical punishment may reduce delinquency but cautions that these findings do not constitute a…