To examine the basis of familiar associations with poor language achievement, 62 twin pairs and 3 triplet sets were studied in which at least one member presented poor oral-language status in the absence of other impairments. The language status of monozygotic pairs was highly similar. (Author/CR)

Discusses determining sample size for estimation of the squared multiple correlation coefficient and presents regression equations that permit determination of the sample size for estimating this parameter for up to 20 predictor variables. (SLD)

Two bootstrap tests are proposed to test the independence hypothesis in a two-way cross table. Monte Carlo studies are used to compare the traditional asymptotic test with these bootstrap methods, and the bootstrap methods are found superior in two ways: control of Type I error and statistical power. (SLD)

Explores which factors predicted changes in knowledge and beliefs among middle school students (N=1450) after exposure to a pregnancy prevention program. Results show that the single most important predictor of improvement in knowledge and beliefs about pregnancy prevention was the program itself, not background variables. (MKA)

Examined teaching assistants' perceptions of various instructional issues and explored whether their perceptions were affected by nationality, gender, and academic discipline. Found significant predictors of teaching assistants' instructional roles, teaching style, instructional methods, communication strategies, and potential problems. (EV)

Examined inhibitory control as a quality of temperament that contributes to internalization in toddler and preschool children. Children's internalization was observed while they were alone with prohibited objects, and in scenarios that occasioned violating standards of conduct, and were assessed using maternal reports. Found that inhibitory…

College students (n=217) completed the Career Decision Scale, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Self-Consciousness Scale, and Fear of Commitment Scale. Fear was a strong predictor of career indecision. Negative predictors were self-oriented perfectionism and social anxiety; positive predictors were socially prescribed perfectionism and private…

Results of the Cooperative Institutional Research Program Freshman Survey completed by 320 black college freshmen showed that males had lower educational aspirations; higher educational aspirations were predicted by lower estimate of social competence, higher value on career autonomy, and lack of financial resources. Higher career aspirations were…

At 2 sites information was collected from 168 workers, and their 3-letter Holland work environment codes were crossed with 3 measures of person-environment congruence. All three measures were strongly intercorrelated. The way a job was coded had a significant effect on the calculation of congruence. (SK)

The validity and accuracy of self-reported Graduate Record Examination standardized test scores were examined for a national sample of 1,408 college students. Overall, high correlations between actual and student-reported scores and high accuracy rates were found. Differences in accuracy rates were associated with low student performance on the…

A door-to-door rural community survey in seven townships found that 52% had used the recycling facility; of nonusers, 33% knew about it. Older respondents in large households in more remote sections of the community are more likely to use the drop-off centers than others. Those participants who show more satisfaction with the convenience and…

Truancy is not a new problem, but schools are in need of new solutions (Gullat & Lemoine, 1997). Truancy is a known predictor of students leaving school prior to graduation (Garry, 1996). In this article, the author defines truancy and addresses the views of educators and community members on the topic. The discussion will also include…

This study examined variables that were hypothesized to contribute to social justice advocacy among 134 graduate students enrolled in counseling programs, including problem solving skills, worldview, social concern, and political interest. Of these variables, the desire to become involved in social justice advocacy and political interest predicted…

Theories of category-specific effects on visual object identification predict easier identification of non-living than living objects. The Sensory-Functional theory credits greater representational weighting of the visual properties of living objects independent of greater weighting of the functional properties of non-living objects. It predicts a…

This article examines the statistical determinants of risk preference. In a meta-analysis of animal risk preference (foraging birds and insects), the coefficient of variation (CV), a measure of risk per unit of return, predicts choices far better than outcome variance, the risk measure of normative models. In a meta-analysis of human risk…