A study examined the role played by gender and communication content in the leadership emergence process in small, task-oriented groups. Six hours of transcribed group interaction from a sample of the group deliberations of 6 mixed-sex groups of college students (n=27) engaged in a 4-month-long decision-making project served as the database for…

Women exhibit a wide range of responses to a sexual assault. This study focused on two factors that may either hinder or facilitate postrape recovery and which are potentially modifiable: (1) causal attributions; and (2) coping strategies. Rape survivors (n=105) seen at a sexual assault resource service in Minneapolis, Minnesota, completed…

While surveys have identified instructional design competencies, there has been virtually no systematic research of alternative means for assessing professional competence in this area. This paper reports on a study which investigated the question of whether a multiple-choice, paper and pencil test can validly discriminate between levels of…

To identify parental predictors of child maltreatment, 1,400 prenatal patients were interviewed about their attitudes, experiences, and knowledge of childrearing. Interviews with mothers assessed (1) self-perception of mothers' nurturing as children; (2) personality factors of self-image, isolation, and tolerance to stress; (3) social support…

Despite the rapidly rising divorce rate and the importance of the divorce settlement agreement for the spouses' financial and emotional well-being, factors influencing the effectiveness of divorce negotiations have received very little attention. To assess the major determinants of successful divorce negotiations between divorcing spouses and…

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative classificatory ability of the Linear Discriminant Function (LDF) and the Bayesian Taxonomic Procedure (BTP) when these techniques are applied to multivariate normal and nonnormal data with differing degrees of overlap in the distributions of the predictor variables. (Editor)

Previous tests of Holland's theory of vocational choice among members of professional occupations have demonstrated that it is predictive, useful, and formally acceptable. In a test among members of four nonprofessional occupations, however, it was not as predictive as previously demonstrated for professional and technical occupations. (Author)

Focuses on the procedures available for substituting a special predictive coding method for some of the more complex general regression procedures. (Author)

Interest in physiology/cognition relations is increasing, in step with the realization that the individual ages as a whole, adaptive, living system. If a physiological system declines, a person's cognitive abilities may be reduced, unless some compensatory mechanism operates. Understanding this set of relationships permits potential interventions.…

An index of the effectiveness of classrooms, schools, districts, or other educational units can be developed by, first, determining the differences between the actual achievements of individual children and the achievements expected on the basis of regression equation predictions and, second, averaging these differences for all children in the…

This paper reports a procedure designed to enable a school district to measure the adequacy of its educational facilities. Reasonable adherence to the guidelines described regarding scale development and implementation should provide a useful comparative tool with broad applicability. The report includes a general description of the procedure…

Three groups of fourth graders who differed on a metamemory pre-test were compared on five working memory tasks to explore the relationship between metamemorial knowledge, total processing space (M-space) and working memory span performance. Children in each group received three versions of each task on concurrent days. It was hypothesized that…

Research in the field of alcohol abuse evidences a long history of attempts to predict outcome from alcohol treatment programs using situational and intrapsychic factors. To investigate whether alcohol reinforcement expectancies are related to drinking behavior, 42 male veteran graduates of an inpatient alcohol treatment program were interviewed 1…

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is an individual difference variable consisting of beliefs that anxiety experiences lead to negative consequences, such as illness, embarrassment, or additional anxiety. Negative Affectivity (NA) is an individual difference variable that reflects a tendency to experience negative affect and to maintain a negative view of…