Alcohol studies, like most psychological studies, have traditionally focused on males. Several psychosocial theories have been used to explain male alcoholism, including dependency, the power drive, and sex role theory. This latter stance may provide a theoretical framework for the etiology of drinking which will apply to both sexes; however,…

In recent years, the study of the self has been concentrated in the areas of self-esteem, individual differences in self-relevant cognition, and the processes of self-relevant cognition. To validate understanding of the individual difference dimensions of public and private self-consciousness and self-esteem, college students (N=101) completed the…

Reports three studies that examined developmental changes in the integration of ability and effort information to predict performance. Children aged 6-11 years and adults were used as subjects. Findings involved developmental progression in the integration process, use of both cues in forming judgements, and the importance of effort. (Author/SDH)

One hundred and eighteen subjects participated in an 18-trial four-choice probability learning task to determine if probability learning data could be described by a family of learning curves and to identify ability and personality correlates of these curves. (Author)

This study measured audience perceptions during the course of a prerecorded segment of the television series "Emergency" and compared audience responses with the occurrence of specific production variables: subject movement, camera movement, cutting rate, image size, and so on. Audience-response equipment, capable of recording ratings…

This document presents results of a prediction investigation into factors that might account for variations in the success of attempts at educational innovation. Four stages of innovation (adoption, planning, implementation, and institutionalization) are isolated and described, and the attention paid by this investigation to the innovation studies…

The validity of some theoretically derived vocational diagnostic signs was examined to learn if a person's self-knowledge, occupational knowledge, and decision-making ability were predictable. The positive results imply some practical applications and the need for further theoretical investigation. (Author)

For 151 male graduates of the University of North Dakota, expressed choices measured by preferences made as high school seniors on the ACT Student Profile Section were significantly more accurate predictors of graduating college major and of career entry occupation than were their Vocational Preference Inventory high point codes. (Author)

Explores the differences among the traditional single-equation prediction model of test bias, the Cleary and the Thorndike model in a situation involving typical educational variables with young female and male children. (Author/DEP)

Although predictive accuracy (cognitive empathy) and emotional empathy may be aspects of the same general ability, few empirical studies have examined the relationships between these dimensions. The relationship between cognitive empathy and emotional empathy was investigated by correlating the Mehrabian and Epstein Emotional Empathy Scale and its…

The use of multiple regression in identifying students with learning disabilities was investigated with 281 ninth grade students. Five sets of predictor variables were chosen to predict grade point average in grade 9: verbal and nonverbal IQ, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), and grade point average in grade 7. Five groups of overachievers, normal…

The uses and restrictions of commonality analysis are described. Commonality analysis has been increasingly used as a method to examine the relative importance of independent variables, through the partitioning of variance among the variables of the regression equation into unique and common components. The effects of all other independent…

Research addressing the question of what type of neighborhood environment is most supportive for older persons has identified a number of variables characterizing the physical or social context which interact with the personal characteristics of an individual to produce supportive or nonsupportive environments. Neighborhood environment was…

The relationship between treatment levels and errors of estimate for a dependent variable in a behavioral science research experiment is typically evaluated by an analysis of covariance. The same relation can be expressed by part correlation. In non-experimental research with individual-difference variables, an assumption regarding independence,…

Individual pupil scores, school characteristics, and characteristics of reading programs were assessed in elementary school programs in 36 communities, forming a data bank of information on 6,753 students from grades one through six enrolled in special reading programs across the country. A series of analyses were performed to determine the school…