Analyzes how sixth graders' untrained summarization ability relates to studying and recall of important text information in a more demanding task. Finds that neither summarization ability nor notetaking skill individually predicted better recall. Suggests instructional guidelines and caveats. (RS)

For marketing students (n=349), grade point average was the most important predictor of academic performance; transfers from community college and students with heavy work commitments performed less well; and gender, age, and extracurricular activities were unrelated to performance. These characteristics explained 40% of variance in performance.…

Describes use of a computerized simulation to study prediction in a complex environment (i.e., bus traffic control). Nature of the task, presentation method, number of repetitions, and length of time taken for prediction were measured. Prediction was significantly affected by all factors except number of repetitions. No learning effect was…

Various aspects of epilepsy were studied in 78 children with mental retardation from 1989-1994. Epilepsy remained uncontrolled in 28% of cases, two-year remission was achieved by 26 percent, and mortality was 12% during the study period. Associated cerebral palsy was the most important single risk factor for severe epilepsy. (Author/CR)

A study investigated how, when, and under what conditions 60 highly successful adults with dyslexia managed to develop high literacy levels. For both men and women with dyslexia, interest-driven reading was key to the development of high literacy levels. Fascination with a subject area was a common theme. (Author/CR)

Two weeks after 146 participants completed a survey of openness to differences, they evaluated hypothetical job applicants: a female Native American in the treatment group, a White male in the control group. The treatment-group candidate was rated significantly lower and recommended less frequently. Low openness scores correlated with…

Interviews with four delinquent youth in the process of real-life transitions reveal that predicting resilience or recidivism is not always as simple as quantifying research-identified risk or protective factors. Suggests that there may be other factors that have not yet been pinpointed that should be explored when trying to predict resilience or…

This literature review of family factors associated with externalizing behavior disorders such as hyperactivity and aggression in preschoolers found that: (1) preschoolers with externalizing disorders had families who were more likely than comparison families to have at least one type of negative characteristic; and (2) family characteristics were…

Presents a general class of single-case statistical procedures derived from previously developed nonparametric randomization tests. Designs are illustrated that focus on the general and comparative effectiveness of alternative interventions, multiple units with differentiable characteristics, and multiple outcome measures. Provides operational…

Examined the number and nature of temperamental types in 488 children, age 3 years 6 months. Configural-frequency-analysis methods showed clear support for two temperament types: controlled-nonexpressive and noncontrolled-expressive. These types showed meaningful differences against external criteria related to a wide range of problem behaviors.…

For a sample of young workers, "promotion" involved no change in position or duties; promotion was more likely for males than females and Whites than Blacks or Hispanics. Company training and prior promotions were important predictors. Promotion did not appear to have a direct impact on job satisfaction. (SK)

Examines the direct and indirect influences of dysphoria on primary and secondary appraisal, coping, and psychological and physical adjustment in college students (N=361). Results indicate that the link between dysphoria and adjustment was mediated by appraisals and coping. Suggests that dysphoria has both direct and indirect influences on…

Surveys of students both during and following a six-week strike by faculty at York University (Ontario) found that students faced academic and economic hardship during and after the strike and that only a minority of students supported the strike. However, attitudes toward unions, and not personal hardship, were the best predictors of student…

A study of 124 maltreated children (ages 5-10) examined the way in which they processed social information 12 months following entrance into foster care. Measures reflecting unbiased and competent processing were predictive of social adaptation, whereas measures reflecting biased and incompetent processing were predictive of behavior problems.…

Presents data showing that the Rhyming Detection instructions do not have the effect claimed by Bryant (1998). Argues that Bryant's new measure reflects children's global sensitivity to sound similarities between different words and provides no convincing support for his conclusion. Concludes that their evidence supports the view that phonemic…