The exploratory investigation was guided by four research questions: (1) what are the similarities and differences in the readiness status between rural and urban first graders; (2) what is the relationship between the readiness status and socioeconomic status of rural and urban first graders; (3) what are the similarities and differences in the…

This speech addresses the "What,""Why," and "How" of Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Training for school psychologists. "What" concerns the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, its administration, and what it assesses. Based on the best performance, the infant's score on this scale is scored in the…

To investigate similarity judgements in different cultural contexts, the performance of two groups of children on seven similarity tasks and on two tests of metaphor was compared. The 45 Canadian and 45 Canadian-Greek children (ages 5, 8, and 11) had different cultural and linguistic backgrounds but common schooling experiences. The seven tasks…

Based on Vygotsky's notion of the zone of proximal development, this study aimed to determine the extent to which parents' teaching of children become less directive as a function of children's age and communicative status and to describe relations between parents' interaction styles and children's verbal I.Q. One hundred and twenty families…

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in finding ways of promoting and evaluating structural knowledge (knowledge of how ideas, events, and principles are interrelated). Research has demonstrated that students' numerical judgments of the strength of relatedness among ideas drawn from a domain provide insights into how they have…

A study was undertaken to determine if a criterion referenced test based on a Piagetian stage model of reading acquisition was related to grade level, to a standardized reading achievement test, and to a test of cognitive developmental level. Sixty first, second, and third grade children were administered a comprehensive test of basic skills. They…

This report of a study which explored the effects of camera use among 30 children in a biracial multi-aged classroom includes suggestions for the application of the findings in early childhood curriculum. The first two chapters present the purpose, rationale, and measured results of an examination of camera use as a tool for inquiry and…

Information about the neuropsychological consequences of alcoholism has been mostly limited to the cognitive functioning of recently detoxified alcoholic men. To expand this research, the long-term recovery of cognitive abilities in alcoholic women was examined in two studies. In the first study, neuropsychological performances were compared for…

The focus of this paper is the identification of selected methodological problems in the assessment of personality from the psychoanalytic, behavioral, and cognitive positions. Each of the above methodologies are reviewed and assessed, and specific strategies are proposed for sport personality research. (DS)

THE RESEARCH REPORTED HERE CONCERNED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND COGNITION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE WHORF HYPOTHESIS ABOUT LANGUAGE AND CULTURE. EXPERIMENTS WERE CARRIED OUT INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF SOME LINGUISTIC AND REFERENT DIMENSION VARIABLES ON THE LEARNING OF MINIATURE LINGUISTIC SYSTEMS. A MINIATURE LINGUISTIC SYSTEM (MLS) IS A…

FIVE EXPERIMENTS WERE RUN AS A SERIES OF INITIAL EXPLORATIONS TO DETERMINE A WORKABLE, RESEARCH DEFINITION OF THE TERM "UNDERSTANDING" AND TO EVALUATE EXPERIMENTALLY ITS RELATIONSHIP TO DRILL, OR ROTE LEARNING. THE FIVE EXPERIMENTS DEALT WITH THE EFFECTS OF A VISUALLY IMPOSED COGNITIVE STRUCTURE UPON ROTE LEARNING, THE EFFECTS UPON ROTE LEARNING…

THE INSTITUTE'S TEST BATTERY IS INTENDED TO ASSESS THE CHILD'S ACHIEVEMENT IN COGNITIVE STYLE, PERCEPTUAL ABILITY, LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT, AND READING ACHIEVEMENT. THE TWO MAJOR PHASES IN THE INSTITUTE'S RESEARCH PROGRAM ARE EXPLORATION OF EARLY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL REMEDIAL, READING, AND ENRICHMENT PROGRAMS. THE INDEX…

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THOUGHT PROCESSES UNDER OPTIMUM TRAINING CONDITIONS WAS STUDIED. OPTIMUM WAS DEFINED TO INCLUDE (1) A CURRICULUM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THOUGHT, (2) TEACHING STRATEGIES FOCUSED DIRECTLY ON MASTERY OF NECESSARY COGNITIVE SKILLS, AND (3) A SUFFICIENT TIME SPAN TO PERMIT A DEVELOPMENTAL TRAINING SEQUENCE. CHILDREN FROM 20…

Forty-five children aged four-and-a-half to five-and-a-half years old were given number conservation tasks in three conditions: (1) a count condition in which children were helped to count each set after the transformation; (2) a match condition in which children were helped to connect by a string each animal with its peanut; and (3) the standard…