Explores the relationship between college students' self-reports of adolescent substance use and scores on indices tapping different aspects of guilt. Results suggest that a stronger internalization of societal standards, as reflected by higher scores on Standards and Situational Guilt, may prove a useful tool in the prevention of substance use.…

A multidimensional model of mental retardation is proposed, based on medical, behavioral, and social dimensions. The model's theoretical underpinning emphasizes that an individual might be retarded in one or a combination of senses. The model introduces a conception of socially constructed retardation and suggests methods for operationalizing and…

Forty British parents of two-year-olds were asked about gender-related adult roles, beliefs about gender differences in children's behavior, and whether they perceived their own child in terms of gender-specific behavior. The majority of children were perceived as conforming to gender stereotypes. (Author/BJV)

The value structure of the academic profession has been affected by expansion and changes in the organization of higher education, making it less likely for individuals to subscribe to a collective academic code. Quality assurance efforts are thus undermined by the same rationalizations that gave them birth. (MSE)

Problems associated with the establishment of speech codes on college campuses, in response to hate speech, are examined. An inventory of speech regulations already in effect at 384 colleges and universities, by Arati R. Korwar, is also presented. The summary organizes behavior and related policy into 13 categories. (MSE)

Academic freedom cases from 1970-1990 filed with the American Association of University Professors, in which institutional managers dismissed faculty members for their participation in academic governance, are reviewed. It is concluded that such cases occur most often in less prestigious colleges with less regard for national standards of faculty…

Reported the regrets of intellectually gifted subjects to determine if the nature of their regrets mirrored those reported by the general population. Analysis of survey responses of subjects (mean age=74) revealed that, like the population as a whole, they harbored more regrets of inaction than regrets of action. (RJM)

Based on the idea that universities are places in which argument is an essential element, the standards that should apply to such argument are examined, drawing on the literature of communication, persuasion, and educational philosophy. A variety of perspectives are examined and critiqued, and it is concluded that regulation of argument is a…

Argues against the unity principle of time and space in terms of objectives of the educational system: enhancement of learning, sociability, and autonomy; socialization to the labor force; propagation of social norms; and concept of identity. Suggests that declining impact of these in Western society necessitates new schooling structure that…

Discussion of occupational mistakes focuses on a study of mistakes in reference performance of librarians, paraprofessionals, and student assistants at an academic library. Topics discussed include technical and judgment errors, redefining the reference process, normative errors, instructional goals of the reference staff, and suggestions for…

Two studies comparing urban and kibbutz children found that the acquisition of normative understandings was associated with a shift from mastery to ability explanations in urban, but not kibbutz, children. Cooperative learning settings helped maintain interest in using peers to promote mastery, even after the acquisition of the normative…

Peacekeeping strategies for school-board meetings include developing a code of conduct that spells out guidelines for behavior and then enforcing it; bringing in a neutral observer to help board members work through what is really worrying them; and concentrating on policy. (MLF)

Some studies indicate that individuals recognize conventional norms as social contrivances; others, that individuals reify social formations as something other than social products. Questions about comparatively transparent rules and the use of simplistic questions for complex phenomena give an exaggerated portrayal of individuals' awareness of…

At Frederick Douglass Academy, middle school of choice in central Harlem, principal Lorraine Monroe is creating public school that exudes private school values--hard work, discipline, college preparation. Drawing 75% of its student body from central Harlem, school will evolve into a secondary school and graduate its first class in 1997. The…

Introduces selected papers delivered at the 91st Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association. Papers explore gender as experienced by Latinas and Latinos, examine gendered relationships between Latino men and women, and discern how Latino gender norms in Latin America are perpetrated and negotiated by Latinos within the U.S.…