Few studies have explicitly attended to the personal problem-solving process within the counseling literature, perhaps due in part to the dearth of relevant assessment instruments. To examine the dimensions underlying the applied problem-solving process, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted using data collected from four samples of college…

A factor analytic study of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) was undertaken to determine the component abilities that underlie performance on the test for several major language groups: African, Arabic, Chinese (non-Taiwanese), Farsi, Germanic, Japanese, and Spanish. Evidence was found that three major factors underlie performance…

Presented is an investigation of the item and factor characteristics which make up Forms 8, 9, and 10 of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB). Data on the ASVAB forms were collected from mulitary enlistment applications at 20 Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Stations. Item and factor analyses were conducted on samples equated…

Context effects are defined as being influences on test performance associated with the content of successively presented test items or sections. Four types of context effects are identified: (1) direct context effects (practice effects) which occur when performance on items is affected by the examinee having been exposed to similar types of…

A series of analyses were made to relate attitudinal and achievement outcomes in an assessment of student achievement and of student and instructor attitudes, made by the U.S. Air Force Human Resources Laboratory (AFHRL) and the Air Training Command (ATC) as part of their joint Service Test of the PLATO IV system at Chanute Air Force Base. Data…

E. Husserl's concept of intentionality provides a conceptual perspective of interpersonal communication that suggests a notion of face-to-face communication called "interaction involvement." Structured along dimensions of awareness and responsiveness, interaction involvement explains interpersonal communication as a transactional relationship…

Sex-role concepts in 120 children aged three to seven were assessed by means of an instrument that allowed children to categorize attributes as being characteristic of males only, females only, both males and females or nobody. The children sorted attributes once for adult peer stimulus figures and once for peer stimulus figures. The relationship…

THE PRESCHOOL INVENTORY BEGAN AS AN ANSWER TO THE NEED FOR SOME TYPE OF INSTRUMENT THAT WOULD PROVIDE AN INDICATION OF HOW MUCH A DISADVANTAGED CHILD, PRIOR TO HIS INTRODUCTION TO HEAD START, HAD ACHIEVED IN AREAS REGARDED AS NECESSARY FOUNDATIONS FOR SUBSEQUENT SUCCESS IN SCHOOL. MEASURING BASIC INTELLIGENCE WAS NOT THE GOAL. RATHER, THE…

The social psychology literature largely ignores attribution patterns made by both sexes of differing generations on an activity with salience for both sexes. "Parenting" is an activity with such salience. In estimating parental success for stimulus situations involving parent-child interactions, undergraduates and their parents were virtually…

Since its appearance in 1974, the Snyder Self-Monitoring Scale has been employed in research dealing with self-presentation, attribution, and attitude expression. The Scale was developed to measure the degree to which people are concerned with the social appropriateness of their behavior, are aware of relevant social cues, and regulate their…

The present experiment focused on the development of a "cumulative rehearsal, fast-finish" rehearsal routine. This study was designed for two purposes: (1) to extend the notion of the "executive function" to the case where continued use of mnemonic routine is a reasonable response to an objective change in an information processing task, and (2)…

The differences between aggressiveness and assertiveness were examined using the Interpersonal Behavior Survey (IBS), a 136-item self-report questionnaire which was developed to distinguish between assertive and aggressive behaviors. Item level factor analysis was used in scale construction. Results indicated that: (1) the correlation between the…

Teacher education is defined as sets of activities deliberately intended to socialize candidates into the occupation of teaching. Nine broad categories of variables, referred to as the parameters of teacher education are proposed and defined. These include: (1) the goals, (2) characteristics of the candidates, (3) characteristics of the staff, (4)…

To explore the relationships between factor analytic data reduction procedures and the Delphi iterative procedure for achieving consensus, a random sample of members of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching developed descriptions of teacher competencies for secondary science teachers. Following a sorting of the statements by…

Junior High School (JHS) teachers were interviewed to determine their criteria for competent and incompetent student behavior in school and their verbatim statements were adapted into questionnaire format. Two hundred and eleven male students were rated on competence in 15 classrooms by their teachers and a series of factor analytic procedures…