A study investigated the personality type preferences of people who voluntarily chose to participate in a structured, field-based, outdoor education program. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was administered to 87 participants prior to beginning a 10-day Wilderness Education Association outdoor leadership trip. Participants were 18-46 years…

Studies the problems women experience when their qualifications cause them to come into conflict with men in fields of employment previously dominated by the latter sex. (EK)

Pre and post counseling responses of paid and upaid clients, counselors, and counselor supervisors were tested by Fisher's exact probability tables. Post counseling responses did not reveal any significant differences between paid or unpaid clients. Differing pre counseling responses of unpaid clients and of counselors andcounselor supervisors…

Participation should be studied as an act that takes place in a sociocultural context. Concepts to consider include motivational relevance, shared understandings, social factors, and educational processes. (SK)

Incorporated both the state and emotionality aspects of extrasensory perception (ESP) using subjects (N=50) in three groups: hypnotic, relaxed, and control. An ESP sender attempted to transmit highly emotional stimuli. Found no evidence for the occurrence of ESP, and instructional variables and subject characteristics had no effect. (JAC)

Investigates relationships between social status, social interaction, and knowledge of social relationships in preschool children. Forty-seven middle-class preschoolers were assessed on a sociometric test of popularity, an observational measure of social participation, a measure of referential communication, and an emotion-attribution task.…

Examines the influence of a research incentive ($100) and requirement (videotaping) on decisions to participate in prevention research. Individuals were significantly attracted by the incentive, and marginally deterred by the requirement. Findings indicate that monetary incentives may help reduce sampling bias by increasing rates most strongly…

Treatment resistance was compared between voluntary and forced participation for three treatment groups and the total group. Treatment resistance was significantly lower for offenders who perceived they had volunteered for treatment than offenders who perceived they had been forced into substance abuse treatment. (Contains 30 references and 2…

Investigates the relationship between ethnicity and retention among families participating in a national network of home-based family support programs. Analyses indicate greater participation by African American and Latino parents as compared with European American parents. Retention predictors vary by ethnicity. Strategies to form a supportive…

Discussion of the relationship between participants and the person who runs a game, simulation, or workshop focuses on similarities with the relationship between members of an organization and its manager. Motivation theories and the literature on management and organizational development are reviewed, and their implications for better management…

The selection of subjects for research on learning disabilities is a function of contemporary notions about learning disabilities, the purpose of the study and level of knowledge about the topic, and practical constraints. Denigrations of the extant research database, along with unaffordable demands for subject selection and descriptions, threaten…

A report from the Council for Learning Disabilities Research Committee is presented on standards for the descriptions of people with learning disabilities in research reports. Updated guidelines for describing participants are provided for small-sample and large-group research. Suggestions are made for promoting compliance with the minimum…

Examined whether and by what means inmates participating in a voluntary counseling program at Hamilton, Alabama, Correctional Facility could be distinguished from those not volunteering for counseling. Results indicated it was possible to distinguish these two group based on Intelligence Quotient, certain demographic factors, two personality…

Reviews the major approaches used by social scientists to measure daily experiences, including interval-contingent, signal- contingent, and event-contingent methods. Examples of how these methods have been used in therapeutic recreation and leisure research are provided. The unique challenges and issues of measuring the daily experiences of…

Couples in remarriages with stepchildren are a significant portion of the marriage population and have unique educational needs regarding aspects of couple functioning within the context of stepfamily development. From a review of the literature, we examine current curricula focused on these couples. Information is offered on implementation issues…