To shed light on appropriate grouping practices for early adolescents, this article presents current data on using between-class grouping and regrouping in American schools serving this population, based on the 1988 Johns Hopkins University middle school survey. Findings show that learning opportunities in the middle grades remain highly…

Results are reported from a study which examined the extent to which teacher personality characteristics, organizational structure, and principal's leadership style are determinants of teacher burnout. Additionally, the influence of four background variables (personal, experiential, environmental, and health factors) were also examined.…

For almost two centuries, poor children have been seen as a threat to society because neither parents nor existing community institutions could control their unacceptable behavior. Compulsory education for so-called at-risk children has produced another problem: poor academic performance. This article argues for eliminating graded schools and…

The knowledge base of education must be related to the mission of the schools. In order to develop such a knowledge base a shift in emphasis to cognitive processes utilized by students is required. Implications of such a shift on school organization, teaching strategies, and teacher education curricula are discussed. (IAH)

The financing of education in Canada involves a trilevel structure: federal, provincial, and local. The extent of governmental involvement at the federal and provincial levels is constitutionally determined, but there is no one accepted input scale between these levels. Particular funding formulae are provided for each province. Includes 11 notes.…

Recommends restructuring of schools to foster more effective learning and development of higher order thinking skills. Emphasizes instructional strategies, teachers' roles and responsibilities, and accountability. (FMW)

A synthesis of the purposes of North American educational systems and processes of administering educational systems derived from research literature was affirmed through surveys of several thousand administrators. A study involving over 10,000 students and their teachers found effective-school organization to be a powerful predictor of student…

Describes how principals assign teachers and students to single-grade and combination classes. Presents research showing unexpected constraints that fundamentally changed the basis of class assignment and, consequently, the nature of classroom compositions. A case is made that multitrack calendars reduce principals' flexibility to make purposive…

While central control can lead to bureaucracy and sclerosis, the local alternative can produce a wasteful duplication of effort. This paper analyzes how different levels of school autonomy affect costs across the United States. Results suggest there may be an optimal, cost-minimizing level of decentralized decision-making authority. Academic…

Discusses the use of technology in education, the restrictions placed on student achievements through current policies, and describes efforts by the National Alliance for Restructuring Education to restructure schools, including the Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow project. Student performance, performance assessments, and new school organizations are…

This examination of higher education in Yugoslavia describes the current structure of higher education, the relationship among various branches of higher education, organizational challenges such as responding to the needs of the economy and democratization, quantitative trends, and general problems such as declining enrollments. (DB)

The bitter debate over the literary and historical canon has overshadowed the progress made in multicultural education during the last two decades. Detractors mistakenly believe that multicultural education is for victimized minorities and women, opposes the Western tradition, and will divide the nation. Teachers must integrate five knowledge…

Inclusive schools have a cohesive sense of community open to differences and responsive to individual needs. This sense of community is disrupted by the practice of pulling out gifted children for special services. Inclusion involves changes in philosophy, curriculum, teaching strategy, and structural organization. Schools should embrace…

Reports that the cooperative program planning and teaching (CPPT) role of teacher-librarians is for the most part not taking place to any degree in the majority of primary schools in Australia. Reasons for the failure of CPPT to gain wide acceptance in Australian primary schools are analyzed and the benefits of CPPT are discussed. (six references)…

The U.S. educational system's strengths are inclusiveness, superior postsecondary education programs, improved content standards and measurements, local flexibility, and socialization and the common school. The system's weaknesses are failure to educate its non-college-bound students, understand shifting family structures, improve teacher training…