We investigate the role of teachers' unions in state policymaking in the context of "No Child Left Behind." Our analyses of panel data show that political party control and region moderate the influence of teachers' unions in the adoption of accountability policies by states. Our analyses of marginal effects show that teachers' unions…

This conceptual paper examines the colonial conditions of possibility for a formative moment of US public higher education, the Morrill Act of 1862, and considers how these conditions continue to shape the present. The federal government's accumulation of Indigenous lands in the nineteenth century helped provide the material base for land-grant…

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires that States and entities receiving Part B funds offer processes to resolve disagreements arising under the IDEA. These processes include: (1) written state complaints; (2) mediation; and (3) due process complaints (which include resolution meetings). Statistics from these processes…

The volume and number of federal student loans, which provide financing to make higher education more accessible, have grown over the past few decades. In 2017, the most recent year for which detailed information was available, $96 billion in new federal student loans was disbursed to 8.6 million students, compared with $36 billion (in 2017…

The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), previously named the Veterans Administration, has been providing veterans educational assistance benefits, including GI Bill benefits, since 1944. In general, the benefits provide grant aid to eligible individuals enrolled in approved educational and training programs. The newest GI Bill was enacted on…

On March 13, 2020, President Trump declared the COVID-19 outbreak a national emergency, beginning March 1, 2020. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) was signed into law. Included in the act was the Education Stabilization Fund (ESF), which was created "to prevent, prepare for,…

Due to the impact of COVID-19, current and incoming students will be facing unprecedented struggles when starting the new academic year -- and, likely, for years to come -- and many students will need significant additional support to pay for college. It is critical to protect and strengthen the Pell Grant program to reduce students' need to…

Standardized tests play a central role in the U.S. education system, shaping how states hold schools accountable for ensuring that all students have equitable access to a quality education. Schools and districts sometimes also use testing data for high-stakes decisions about teacher pay and whether students can move on to the next grade. It is…

It is the position of the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) that the registered professional nurse collaborates to lead the school health services team in the identification of and intervention for health-related barriers to improve student learning (American Nurses Association [ANA] & NASN, 2017, p. 84). This document provides the…

There are approximately 1.5 million K-12 students and an additional 1.4 million children under the age of six experiencing homelessness across the United States. While many of these students attend traditional public schools, a growing number, at least 60,000, are enrolled in charter schools. Charter schools are independently-operated public…

Veterans and service members enter higher education institutions with a unique set of challenges and opportunities. After World War II, institutions struggled to find a way to help these students, and as classrooms swelled, policies and services had to be created to assist in their transition. Over time, best practices immerged to help aid this…

Under waivers to the No Child Left Behind Act, the federal government required states to identify schools where targeted subgroups of students have the lowest achievement and to implement reforms in these "Focus Schools." In this study, we examine the Focus School reforms in the state of Kentucky. The reforms in this state are uniquely…

On December 14, 2017 the FCC voted to repeal the net neutrality rules adopted by the FCC on February 26, 2015. The repeal goes into effect 60 days after it is published in the Federal Register. When the 539 page repeal order was released on January 4, 2018 it was not known when it would be published in the Federal Register. The repeal is being…

Under the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), states are responsible for setting the minimum number of students needed to form a student subgroup for federal accountability and reporting purposes. This required student subgroup size is commonly referred to as the state-set "n-size." The accountability n-size affects action by influencing…

Previous studies suggest a strong correlation between exposure to hands-on STEM programs and positive attitudes toward and experience with STEM subject matter amongst, middle, high school, and university students. However, there has been little research on the impact of hands-on STEM projects on Title I (socioeconomically disadvantaged) elementary…