A special survey on employer child-care practices conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in the summer of 1987 sampled 10,345 establishments with 10 or more employees selected from the BLS establishment universe file and classified by industry and size. The survey showed that over the last decade, the number of mothers in the labor…

The types and number of faculty cases litigated and reported at state and federal levels for the 1982 calendar year are examined. Each case is reviewed for the basic facts, the underlying legal rationale, the data requirements, and the decision of the court. It is noted that categorical data summaries were developed of the cases and the associated…

During recent years, employment as a public school teacher has changed from being one of the most secure positions in the nation's workforce to one of the most uncertain. Now, in many districts, there is a good chance newly employed teachers will receive a reduction in force (RIF) notice each spring. The number of educators who are RIFed each…

Though the traditional 9:00-to-5:00 work week remains the predominant scheduling choice of most employers, companies in all industries increasingly are using alternative scheduling methods that allow employees to balance their work and family responsibilities. Alternative work schedules for permanent employees frequently are advocated as a…

While the continuing wage gap between men and women, Whites and non-Whites has been well documented, the purpose of this study was to examine the role which discrimination on the basis of race/ethnicity as well as sex plays in the setting of wages. Whether pay equity is an effective means of remedying race-based wage discrimination was also…

A longitudinal study compared the effectiveness of worker buyouts and quality of work life programs (QWL) in reversing the shutdown of supermarkets in Philadelphia. Working conditions, worker attitudes, and economic outcomes at a group of employee-owned stores and a group that had adopted QWL strategies were compared at three points in time…

The current status of affirmative action on the college campus is examined. Following a definition of affirmative action, the history of and social influences on affirmative action are discussed, focusing on the actions of the executive and legislative branches of the Federal government and on court litigation that has tested and refined the…

This report analyzes the number of women working in the following six decision making jobs in prime time television: (1) executive producer; (2) supervising producer; (3) producer; (4) co-producer; (5) writer; and (6) director. The women who hold these positions are able to influence the portrayal of women on television as well as to improve the…

This report of a hearing before the House Subcommittee on Employment Opportunities addresses the issues of complying with Federal standards concerning equal representation of minorities and women in Federal jobs. In 1984, three agencies refused to submit affirmative action goals and timetables: The Department of Justice, the Federal Trade…

The central issues and processes of recruiting and retaining college faculty are examined in the context of managing human resources and the principles of fair employment. Although attention is focused on the needs of department or division heads, the analysis may be helpful to administrations with responsibility for recruiting faculty. The…

These national standards are intended to serve as a guide for the establishment of thorough and complete apprenticeship programs to produce trained optical technicians (contact lens technicians). Covered in the individual sections are the following topics: definitions, qualifications for apprenticeship, credit for previous experience, continuity…

Managers' claims that reducing employment discrimination will lead to higher costs and decreased personnel efficiency in organizations are not supported by theory or empirical evidence. Economic theories, in fact, indicate that discrimination does not have a rational economic basis and that reducing discrimination should lead to increased, rather…

Based on the assumption that communication skills are a critical component of organizational effectiveness and "promotability," a study was conducted to investigate the perceptions supervisors have of their female employees' communication proficiency. In particular, comparisons were made between evaluations of supervisors on a variety of…

To help school districts develop job descriptions, this report describes statistically how United States districts use, prepare, and revise job descriptions, and presents sample descriptions of administrative, teaching, and support positions. The information was gathered through a national survey of 1,085 school superintendents. Part I introduces…

Faculty appointment and tenure practices at 12 liberal arts colleges of the Great Lakes Colleges Association (GLCA) were studied, as part of a federally funded project dealing with junior faculty. On the average, about 40 percent of the colleges' faculty were untenured, a proportion close to the national average. This percentage had not changed…