Investigated the influence of dominance and friendship on behavior in a cooperative/competitive problem-solving situation among preschool peers. Mixture of quasi-agonistic and opportunistic behaviors led to high resource use; agonistic behaviors were infrequent and unrelated to resource use. (Author/RWB)

Analyzes the frequency of preschoolers' (N=250) spontaneous use of "thank you" while playing games with unfamiliar adults or peers. Findings indicate that girls and low socioeconomic status children said "thank you" spontaneously more often than boys and middle socioeconomic status children. Children said "thank you"…

Suggestions for implementing cooperative learning strategies with mildly handicapped students in mainstreamed, resource room, and self-contained classroom settings are given. Guidelines are presented for: selecting a format for cooperative learning; establishing working guidelines; forming groups; arranging the classroom; developing cooperative…

Observed the decision-reaching and leadership behavior of children in same- amd mixed-age triads by coding their verbalizations in arriving at a consensus for their preference ranking of eight pictures. (HOD)

Unique characteristics, responsibilities, and pressures of business faculty members combine to set them apart as a group in academe and to create polarization around academic and vocational extremes of attitude, a situation that may be found to a lesser extent in other vocationally-oriented disciplines such as engineering, computer science, and…

Investigates whether children's use of reasoning differs in child-child and adult-child discussions of moral dilemmas. Supports Piaget's contention that moral discussions with peers feature a more spontaneous use of reasoning than do discussions with adults. (HOD)

Measured the associations of students' personal adjustment, interpersonal communication, and peer relationships with their subsequent achievement and continuation in college. Results suggest that efforts to improve relations between students in the residence halls may increase their achievement and retention in college. (ABB)

Issues of morality and children are examined. Information on moral judgment research with children is discussed with implications for educational interventions. Research suggesting that characteristics of moral dilemmas and solutions are related to sex and grade is presented. Areas to be pursued in research and practical application are…

Research on classroom rewards is reviewed with emphasis on the effect of seeing another student rewarded for performing the same task that the observing classmate has performed. Four further experiments are briefly described, and research variables are reviewed. Suggestions are made for increasing the effects on peers of implicit rewards. (GDC)

A series of five self-study seminars, held by eight full professors of an English department for the purpose of post-tenure review and resulting in professional renewal and improved peer relationships, is described and discussed. (MSE)

Explores the role of interpersonal cognitive complexity in the character impressions, story comprehension, response preferences, and literary attitudes of eleventh grade students. Results suggest that interpersonal cognitive complexity predisposes readers toward complex perceptions of literary characters. (HOD)

Jigsaw, a cooperative learning technique, was evaluated for its effects on fifth- and sixth-grade students' attitudes and behaviors with regard to themselves, peers and school. Few affective gains were found, although participants in Jigsaw rated their classes as less competitive. (Author/DWH)

Faculty attitudes toward social action and community involvement are examined, along with the public expectation of faculty social involvement. Covered are: characteristics of academics, conservative behavior before tenure, peer recognition, the ideology of academic passivity, social status and privilege, the division of labor and power hierarchy,…

Reveals no gender segregation in peer groups until age six, through observations of 152 rural Kenyan children, 18 months to nine years of age. Developmental trends in gender segregation of children's peers are correlated with systematic changes in their environments. (Author/AS)

Reports several field experimental research studies which tested the effects of group and individual incentive structures and tasks on individual academic achievement. The positive effects of cooperative learning methods result from the use of cooperative incentives, not cooperative tasks, apparently due to change in peer norms. (CB)