The complex nature of the psychological construct called judgment, the history of its identification as a mental ability, its measurement, and its relationship to other mental abilities are discussed. Factor analytic research which isolated the judgment factor is reviewed. The pervasiveness of the judgment factor throughout a number of diverse…

The work reported in this paper is one segment of a larger project which began in 1971, a project aimed at assisting practicing school psychologists to update their knowledge and skills. Efforts were directed at getting the psychologists to update their knowledge and skills. Efforts were directed at getting the psychologists to include in their…

Reported is a research project which investigated whether junior high students in the Ithaca, New York, area can acquire and use the "concept mapping" and "Gowin's 'V' mapping" strategies to facilitate meaningful learning. Concept mapping involves the identification, hierarchical organization, and graphic depiction of…

An exposition is made of a method to elicit students' comprehension of the meaning of words commonly used in science, which may be influential in determining what they learn. The method's aim is to elucidate features in students' understanding of childrens' science (that found before formal teaching of science), student science (that found after…

To determine the relationship between reading comprehension and the measures of logical judgement and concepts of language, forty-one adult basic education students were tested using the California Achievement Test and Peel's tests of logical judgement. The findings include the following: (1) concepts of language structure vary in adults; (2) the…

This study attempts to replicate two early childhood education programs for parents of young children in order to study the process of social intervention in black lower-class families. The paper presents the infant testing results of a study which used a longitudinal multivariate, multimethod approach to the study of mothers and children who…

Fifty-five recent studies of individual differences (IDs) in elementary cognitive tasks (ECTs) are reviewed. Twenty-five data sets are examined, analyzed, or reanalyzed by factor analysis. The following promising dimensions are identified: basic perceptual processes, reaction and movement times, mental comparison and recognition tasks, retrieval…

COLLEGE CLASSROOM CONDITIONS WHICH ADVANCE OR IMPEDE STUDENT ABILITY IN COGNITIVE ANALYSIS AND/OR SYNTHESIS BY THOUGHT AND PERCEPTION WERE EXPLORED. TWO BASIC COMPARISONS WERE MADE--(1) INDIVIDUAL VERSUS GROUP MEMORIZATION AND PROBLEM SOLVING USING POOLING-OF-ABILITIES MODELS AND (2) THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAMS VERSUS CONVENTIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL…

THE RELATIONSHIP OF PATTERNS OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES AND PERSONALITY TRAITS WERE INVESTIGATED IN THIS STUDY OF 6 GROUPS OF CHILDREN (120) IN GRADE 5. SCORES ON THE PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES TEST, IOWA ACHIEVEMENT TEST, AND CALIFORNIA TEST OF MENTAL MATURITY WERE USED AS MEASURES OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES. (JK)

PRELIMINARY ANALYSES WERE UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF MOTION PICTURE FILMS TO FACTOR ANALYTIC STUDIES OF HUMAN INTELLECT. OF PRIMARY CONCERN WERE THE OPERATIONS OF COGNITION AND MEMORY, FORMING TWO OF THE FIVE OPERATION COLUMNS OF GUILFORD'S "STRUCTURE OF INTELLECT." THE CORE REFERENCE FOR THE STUDY WAS DEFINED…

This document notes that arithmetic disabilities can occur with an otherwise normal intelligence level. Two models of explanation are given. The first emphasizes the conditions under which children learn mathematics, the second views the identification of a number of factors in the "structure of intelligence" that appear to be strongly…

This study attempted to determine if there was a stable and preferred mode of perceptual organization and conceptual classification of stimuli which influenced the ability of female pre-service elementary teachers to acquire the science concepts presented in a general elementary credential preparation course. It is an example of ex post facto…

The purpose of this study was to design a prototype written test of cognitive development based on the model of Piaget. Although the results were not consistent with Piaget's theory, test development was only partially successful. Specifically, validation of the scales was excellent or poor depending on the perspective. Analysis of the item…

Three groups of 36, institutionalized retarded, noninstitutionalized retarded and normal children equated on mental age were evaluated on a measure of psychological distance, the Sticker Family Game. Significantly less psychological distance was found between the child and parental figures in the retarded groups than in the normal groups. (Author)

Multiple linear regressions were employed to determine the relative contributions of cognitive and affective variables accounting for variance in college students' achievement and amount of time taken to complete a self-paced, individualized course. Study habits and attitudes (SSHA) made greater relative contributions to explaining total course…