A study examined all research articles published in four journals from 1993-2001. Approximately two-thirds of the articles consistently described participants by the diagnostic categories from the 1983 American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) diagnostic manual. An average of 10% of the articles described participants in terms of the 1992…

This study assessed personal and relationship characteristics of 75 advocate-mentally retarded protege pairs involved in citizen advocacy relationships. Results suggested that satisfaction with advocacy relationships is more a function of what advocates and proteges do together than of their personal traits. (DB)

Explores the street life of an adolescent subculture through field study of the Canadian West Coast punk rock subculture. Demonstrates through observation of the members, their behavior and attitudes, and the reactions of others to them, that their activities both represent, and are consequences of, resistance to the dominant order. (Author/JS)

Suggestions for board members to help them meet their obligations with proficiency and diplomacy include attend meetings with homework complete, know the rules, focus on policy not administration, advocate more than criticize, build consensus on important discussions, encourage risk taking by administrators, etc. (MLW)

Develops models for participants' behaviors in games, simulations, and workshops based on Catastrophe Theory and Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation. Examples are given of how these models can be used, both for describing and understanding the behaviors of individuals, and for eliciting insights into why participants behave as they do. (11…

A survey questionnaire was sent to 1,200 members of Swedish orienteering clubs. Some common beliefs about orienteers were verified. Respondents identifying themselves as active orienteers were often well educated and in the upper middle class, had a healthy lifestyle, and tended to participate as families. (Author/TD)

Australian farmers have traditionally been opposed to sending their sons to agricultural colleges, an attitude that partially changed after Victoria introduced a farm apprenticeship scheme. Structured interviews with apprentices and employers in the scheme and nonparticipating young farm workers and employers clarified their motives and…

This study examined factors associated with failure of child abuse victims to attend their first recommended counseling session. Attenders (n=84) differed from nonattenders (n=45) on the basis of race, whether the center to which they were referred was private or public, whether the family had a telephone, and the mother's attitude toward…

Compared health status and lifestyle characteristics of participants in senior health promotion program with those of nonparticipants from same Health Maintenance Organization enrollee population. Nonparticipation was associated with lower income, less education, and lower involvement in community organizations. Although nonparticipants smoked…

Examined relationships between patient background, treatment readiness, and therapeutic engagement in national sample of adolescents admitted to 20 treatment programs representing 3 modalities (residential, outpatient drug free, and short-term inpatient). Found that patients with higher treatment readiness at intake subsequently became more…

This paper explores eight hypotheses regarding trends in CALL literature relative to research subjects: small number of subjects, overuse of questionnaires, limited time, lack of experience with the application, task type and CALL in general, and lack of training before and during the study. Based on a review of 78 articles from four CALL-oriented…

The relevance of administrative preparation programs has been questioned. The questions center around how well programs are preparing school leaders to deal with the myriad of requirements placed in front of them (i.e. demands relate to issues of accountability, changing demographics, aging professionals, demanding publics, and school…

Higher education institutions (HEIs) have experienced increasing pressures to provide accountability data and consumer information on the quality of teaching and learning. Existing ratings and rankings of HEIs tend to neglect information on student learning outcomes. Instead, they focus on inputs, activities and research outputs, such as resources…

The purpose of this study was to determine what trends exist in the identification and description of participants used in data-based studies published in "Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly" and the "Journal of Teaching in Physical Education". Data were analyzed using frequency counts for journals and time periods from the 1980s to 2005 with…

This article explores the 1st-year teaching experience of five Latino paraeducators. Through interviews, they discussed their challenges and successes, how their experience as paraeducators influenced their teaching experience, and what suggestions they have for schools and colleges to help ease new teachers into the profession. The study suggests…