A study examined developmental differences in students' recognition of the types of explanations that help most in mathematics peer-group interactions. Scripted interactions of eight male and eight female dyads working on math problems were videotaped. In each interaction one actor in the dyad would request non-specific assistance and the other…

Several researchers have stated that male and female students have different microcomputer experiences which result in qualitatively different computer literacy. Data suggest that differences may result from different guidance to the student from family and school. A descriptive study was undertaken to discover the information resources and…

The study of the spontaneous generation of a pidgin by two children, five and six years old, to accommodate their communication needs when neither had fully acquired his native language, is described. The children were an African native of a Swahili-speaking family and an American child living in the African village. The new language created was a…

Instances of toddlers practicing the art of negotiation while playing with peers in a family day care setting are recounted as part of a child caregiver's search for the sources of her skill in influencing children's verbal behavior. The search led to reflection on experiences in college classes on child development, at work teaching, and at home…

Recognizing that oral language plays a critical role in facilitating a child's written language learning, a study examined the nature and function of oral language between child and teacher and child and peer as it accompanied the writing processes and written production of young children. Participants in the study were 36 prekindergarten children…

This paper describes the Peer Outreach Service Team (POST), a peer multi-service, student support system organization operating in the Fort Lee schools in Fort Lee, New Jersey. The goals of the POST program are described as reducing numbers of school dropouts as well as levels of negative behavior, chemical dependency, teenage depression, and…

A study was undertaken to determine the effects of a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) program on the self-concept of mainstreamed, mildly handicapped fifth-grade students (labeled learning disabled, emotionally conflicted, and educable mentally retarded) attending 13 different elementary schools in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama. A control group…

Examined were the cognitive and social play behaviors of hearing impaired kindergarten children. Relations probed included those between: (1) children's social and cognitive play and sign-based or oral-aural-based classroom instruction; (2) children's overall efforts to communicate and type of class instruction; and (3) the quality of children's…

The study compared the self-concepts of visually impaired (N=61) students, and normally sighted (N=229), all in grades 6 through 8. Self-concept was assessed with the Student Self-Assessment Inventory: General and Visually Impaired Forms. Visually impaired students and 76 of the sighted students were tested with the inventory's oral format (with…

This study focused on the concept of "team player" among women in managerial positions in colleges and universities, and among their immediate supervisors. Female managers defined "team player" in fairly consistent terms. The male superiors tended to agree with the women's definitions but also extended the definitions with the addition of stronger…

For this study, four criterion variables were defined to assess student perceptions of school during a period of judicial mandated school desegregation. These four variables were student perceptions of (1) school environment, (2) interaction between black students and white students, (3) interaction between teachers and students, and (4)…

The study compared the adjustment to regular classes (in New Zealand) of eight 6- and 7-year-old children with Down Syndrome (DS) with that of 24 children rated by their eight teachers as being the "three least competent children in the class." The study evaluated teacher attitudes, social participation on the playground, and…

This document describes the Peer Assistance and Leadership (PAL) Program, a peer helping program developed by the Austin Independent School District in Austin, Texas. It explains how selected high school students are trained to work as peer facilitators with younger students either on their own campus or from feeder junior high or elementary…

This paper presents a counseling model for managers in education who must deal with staff, their problems, and their perceptions. The basic principle underlying the model is given: the helper is not expected to have ready-made solutions to others' problems, but to offer motivation, time, and skills to help others solve their own problems. The…

The study examined the perceptions of two gifted samples (n=54) and a nongifted control group (n=130) of preadolescent boys (ages 12-13) regarding their school and peer experiences, intrafamily roles, discipline and identification models, and career choices. Results of a 62-item questionnaire indicated that the group identified as having…