The early development of self-injurious behavior (SIB) in 16 young children with developmental disabilities was tracked over an 18-month period. Naturalistic observations in each child's classroom found a significant association between early SIB and low levels of social contact, which may be considered as a risk marker for SIB exacerbation.…

What is the most important moral problem faced by journalists and photographers when they document people's lives? The answer rests in knowing why, how, and when to observe other people. The process of professional observation can be explored by examining photographic books such as Richard Avedon's "In the American West," Bill…

The purpose of this paper is threefold: to explore the current status of group process research; to present an automated system for collecting group observations; and to provide a framework for a training method for observers. In the discussion of group process research it is suggested that it remains largely unclear what the relationships are…

This paper traces a father's observations of the development of one child's drawing for a 15-month period beginning when the child was 3 years, 5 months old. Observations of nearly 400 drawings yielded the following generalizations: (1) drawing is symbolic almost from the beginning; (2) appreciation of the representational nature of drawing in the…

Article written as a result of experiences with the Stanford Secondary Education Teacher Program.

This monograph comprises five papers presented at a symposium whose primary purpose was to discuss the role of direct observational techniques in the study of certain learning outcomes and of certain learning and instruction process variables in school settings. Each study represents an attempt to apply direct observational techniques to the…

The problem of this study was to determine whether Method A is a more efficient observational method for obtaining activity type behaviors in an individualized classroom than Method B. Method A requires the observer to record the activities of the entire class at given intervals while Method B requires only the activities of selected individuals…

The Profile of Interaction in the Classroom (PIC) is a short-cut method of interaction analysis that can provide the quick feedback essential to effective supervision of instruction. And because the PIC contains a record of all the behaviors that occurred in the classroom, as well as the sequence, the data may be used to build a traditional…

The Profile of Interaction in the Classroom (PIC) is a feedback method of interaction analysis, based on the Flanders System, created for supervisors of pre-service and in-service teacher education. The Micro-PIC is an abbreviated simplified form for analysis of shorter periods of interaction, particularly in microteaching. The Micro-PIC…

A study was devised to test two null hypotheses, that there would not be significant differences between two groups of education majors both in attitude change as measured by the Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory (MTAI), toward children and school work and in knowledge achievement when one group observed supplementary video tapes of classroom…

Eye Movements were used as a criterion of observing responses in a vigilance task. Time on watch and signal rates similarly affected both eye-movement rates and percentage of detections. Observing rate may account for detection data, and may be a more stable measure of vigilance than detection rate, especially when very few signals occur. This…

Demonstrates that differences occur in role fidelity and in the performance consistency of a coached client over a series of simulated interviews. Illustrates that such differences can be quantitatively described, and that the results of the frequency tabulation procedure are affected by the training of raters in component observation. (Author)

Advocates the use of photography to record events and children's attitudes and reactions in the classroom, as it not only provides children with a new self-awareness and means of extending an enjoyable activity, but also suggests profound ways of looking at children. (CM)

Infants aged 9, 14, 20 and 24 months were observed looking at picture books with their mothers. The integration of pointing with verbal and visual behaviors together with activities pertaining to the task, such as page turning, are described. (Author/JMB)