The hypothetical deduction model of educational research should be replaced by one that distinguishes between the logical structure of hypothetico-deduction and its methodological application. Such a framework explores relationships between three levels of explanation: observation sentences, observation categoricals, and theory formulations. (SK)

Proposes that environmental educators refocus their attention on the study of nature to reach the goal of environmental literacy. (MDH)

Introduces the Mystery Festival at the Shrewsbury Middle School in Massachusetts. Claims that this program will enable the children to collect and analyze data, carry out necessary tests, and develop a scientific approach to solving crimes. Describes the process of setting up this festival and recommendations for adapting the program to suit…

Examined the judgement of rectangular areas in young children who are blind from birth. Subjects were eight children ranging from six to eight years old. Their gestural strategies were examined in detail when placed in an area evaluation situation. Results indicated that acquisition of information concerning figures appeared to follow a fairly…

Assessment plays a critical role in teaching and learning and is an integral part of a mathematics curriculum called "Investigations in Number, Data, and Space, K-5". Presents assessment activities that include observing while working with students and interpreting their strategies. (ASK)

To introduce students to rocks and their characteristics, teacher can begin rock units with the activities described in this article. Students need the ability to make simple observations using their senses and simple tools.

This qualitative study was undertaken to explore the meaning that students make of their interactions with campus judicial systems. Using a multiple case study approach, 10 students from 3 institutions in the Southeastern United States were observed and interviewed. The findings presented here relate to students' perceived learning and anticipated…

The research goals were to use the constructs of harm and intent to quantify the severity of aggression in the real-world setting of the bar/club, to describe the range of aggressive behaviors and their relationship to harm and intent, and to examine gender differences in the form and severity of aggression. Systematic observations were conducted…

A normative framework for modeling causal and counterfactual reasoning has been proposed by Spirtes, Glymour, and Scheines (1993; cf. Pearl, 2000). The framework takes as fundamental that reasoning from observation and intervention differ. Intervention includes actual manipulation as well as counterfactual manipulation of a model via thought. To…

William Harvey's discovery of the presence of capillaries and the role played by them without actually seeing them highlights his power of observation and logic. However, his perspective could not be considered as new since he had adopted his disposition for ocular demonstration from Aristotle and Galen.

The first objective of this study was establishing to what extent the development of metacognitive skills is associated with intellectual growth. As a second objective, the generality vs. domain specificity of metacognitive skills was investigated across age groups. A standardized intelligence test was administered to a group of first-year and…

This paper presents preliminary research evidence on the classroom practices of two South African science teachers currently implementing the new outcomes-based curriculum. A comparative case study approach was followed, during which evidence was collected through non-participant classroom observation, pre- and post-lesson interviews and…

This article presents a new classroom observation scale that was developed to examine the differential learning activities and experiences of gifted children educated in regular classroom settings. The Differentiated Classroom Observation Scale (DCOS) is presented in total, with clarification of the coding practices and strategies. Although the…

We report an experiment investigating the effects of conditioning books as reinforcers for observing responses on the learning of textual responses by pre-school children. The independent variable was the acquisition of conditioned reinforcement of observing responses and choice of book stimuli in free play settings where children could choose to…

Test sessions and child clinical interviews offer opportunities for direct observations of children's behavior in controlled settings. Moreover, standardized instruments for test session and interview observations offer more reliable and valid assessment methods than do anecdotal reports. This article reviews characteristics and psychometric…