A study used a Functions of Reading Scale to explore the reading activities of students in grades three, five, and eight in Ireland and the United States. Results showed the patterns of relationships between the variables in the Scale to be consistent across cultures and grade levels. (FL)

Of all components that make American diplomacy effective, few are as neglected as the educational, linguistic, and cultural components of foreign policy. Weapons are insufficient for a nation that underinvests in the political, economic, educational, and cultural alliances that can counteract the distorted world image of America. (Author/MSE)

Cross-cultural research findings are summarized in an effort to inform multicultural educators of subtle differences in how children from various cultures learn. Differences in spatial conceptualization, cognitive learning, nonverbal communication, personality, and general attitudes are discussed. Research methodology is noted. (PP)

The work of the Centre for the Study of Religion and Education in the Inner City, a church-related organization in Salford, England, is described. The role of religion in the formation of social and spiritual values is discussed, with emphasis on the needs of those in urban, multicultural settings. (PP)

Available research from sociocultural sports studies have important information for physical educators about sociological forces which operate in physical education classes and on playing fields. This information can give physical educators a better understanding of the effects of gender and racial stereotyping and cultural differences. (PP)

Linguistic and sociocultural issues in the concept of nationality and identification with a community in French and Arab circles are compared, with references to other European national groups. Among the concepts explored and diagrammed are father, mother, land, fatherland, people, nation, state, homeland, national community, and local community.…

There were statistically significant differences between answers of 76 Anglo and 76 Mexican American youth on 35 of 100 opinion questionnaire items. Items centered on religion, psychopathology, aggression-impulsivity, acceptability of suicide, the "cry for help" dimension, and emotional impact. (Author/CM)

Discusses the conflicts between values inherent in theories of college student development and those of foreign student populations. Recommends ways to direct the student development professional in surmounting this dilemma by emphasizing a need for focused research and training in the area. (Author)

The self-esteem and ethnocentric attitudes and behavior of Black, White, and Mexican-American elementary school children were investigated. Results indicated that Blacks are not lower in self-esteem than Whites or Mexican Americans, and that all three groups are ethnocentric in attitudes and behavior. (Author/RD)

Rather than seeing America as a mosaic of cooperating cultures, Americans may have set the stage for developing a separatism. An Anti-Defamation League report suggests that there may be a fragmentation of American society from the growing emphasis on ethnic and cultural differences. Incidents of bigotry on college campuses are discussed. (MLW)

Taiwanese and American classrooms (grades 3-6) were examined, using a multimethod, multisource inventory. Multivariate procedures analyzed differences within Taiwanese culture, and between Taiwanese and American cultures, by sex, grade level, socioeconomic status, and achievement. The effects of achievement and intelligence were also studied in…

Despite Title VII mandates, little education, cultural differences, and no representation in local government have kept American Indians invisible in city, county, and state government employment in Arizona. Hispanics have experienced significant improvement and Blacks, while underemployed, held proportionately more government jobs than did…

Guttman Smallest Space Analysis was applied to 51 variables collected on 850 children in 48 Israeli schools, grades 4 through 9. Mapping sentences were derived for defining achievement orientation. Relations among components of the structure were weaker for students of eastern origin than for those of western origin. (Author/RL)

Discusses implications for bilingual educators of some of the more startling culture-bound linguistic characteristics of relatively primitive (often preliterate) peoples. Includes a description of the bilingual education program among the ethnic groups of Peru. (JB)

The rising expectations and aspirations of black students in their quest for identity and self determination have given rise to their rejection of the dominant culture's definition of the black man. Top priorities as perceived by blacks in legitimizing their manhood are presented. (Author)