In this article, Walt Haney, Michael Russell, and Damian Bebell summarize a decade of work using student drawings as a way to both document and change education and schooling. After a brief summary of more than one hundred years of literature on children's drawings, the authors point out that drawings have been little recognized as a medium of…

Assessment of learning is critical to the learners, teachers, and designers of learning environments. Current assessment techniques in web-based distance learning apply age-old techniques to a new medium and are not adequate for web-based distance learning environments (WBDLE). The goals of this article are to extend existing critiques of…

Preparing for an oral examination is an alternative way for students to learn mathematics by working cooperatively in small teams to solve problems. Reformed college mathematics courses are emphasizing the ability to communicate ideas clearly, both orally and in writing. The instructor is able to ask probing questions that are not usually possible…

To support K-12 students with significant disabilities and get an accurate picture of their skills and knowledge, schools need to implement effective alternate assessment based on alternate achievement standards (AA-AAS). This is the guidebook every team should have--not only to develop successful AA-AAS linked with grade-level content standards,…

Suggesting many ways (not just one way) to understand what children are doing with language and literacy, this book presents essays that address the need for alternative perspectives as well as anthropological, socio-psycholinguistic, and reader response perspectives in assessing children's language and literacy. After "Introducation: What Is an…

This document was created because of the need for new assessment strategies and practices to be developed to enable teachers and others to assess students' performance in a manner that reflects the NCTM's reform vision for school mathematics. Instead of assuming that the purpose of assessment is to rank students on a particular trait, the new…

In the mid-1980s, partly through new developments in curriculum and instruction, a new assessment option has arisen under the banner of alternative assessment. The basic idea appears in several guises: "authentic assessment" (implying that standardized tests are not authentic), "performance tests," and "portfolios." The goal of writing portfolios…

Advocates for change in educational assessment recommend that assessments of achievement should be designed to reflect real-life performance more precisely than traditional standardized tests can. This paper raises questions about the claims that are frequently made by advocates of assessment reform. It is agreed that assessment practices are in…

A team of high-school English teachers at Cedar Shoals High School in Athens, Georgia, studied student-centered classrooms. Through different student-generated projects in their individual classrooms, they discovered common principles at work which affected the quality of academic experiences, their relationships with students, and the…

The plan to implement a professional portfolio policy in the Seven Oaks School Division, Winnipeg, Canada, will be perceived and lived by teachers in various ways. Their experiences will be colored by their understandings of the theories behind the use of portfolios as an alternative form of evaluation, their interpretations of the change, and…

Noting that portfolios contain the students' best efforts at writing and mathematics problem-solving skills, this pamphlet discusses issues surrounding Vermont's portfolio assessment program from the parent's point of view. The pamphlet discusses reasons to use portfolios, how portfolios differ from traditional ways of looking at students' writing…

A study examined practitioners' perceptions about the transition from a scope and sequence of skills approach to reading instruction and assessment to a whole literacy curriculum and portfolio assessment. Subjects, four consultants and eight teachers at one of the seven public elementary schools served by the Kamehameha Early Education Program…

The need for study programs that fit better to the characteristics of learners, their interests, and the labor market has led education from being supply driven toward being demand driven. The construction of individual study programs requires appropriate assessment methods. The technologies generally available for assessment seem to reinforce the…

The quantity of information obtained by performance assessments, compared to traditional testing methods, not only offers the potential for a great deal more feedback to educators, students, parents, and policy makers, but also presents educational personnel with the additional challenge of developing new techniques for effectively disseminating…

A conceptual framework is developed for analyzing the costs of alternative assessment instruments. The framework will be used in future analyses by the Center for the Study of Evaluation to determine the costs of alternative assessment programs in a number of states. It is important that a distinction be made between costs and expenditures. Costs…