The situational specificity hypothesis predicts that, if the setting does not vary, validity will not vary. Using data from a large-sample validity study numerous small-sample studies were generated for which the setting was held constant. Results indicate variability across studies in observed validity coefficients, significance levels, and…

Examines individual and labor market influences on wage attainment across the different family and work schedules followed by 1,417 married women aged 30 to 44. Results showed early career entry, continuous employment and favorable industrial locations yielded higher wages at midlife, although few women fit this pattern. (JAC)

This study was undertaken to evaluate models that could be used to set single-year individual student academic growth targets. Multiple terms of individual student reading and mathematics test results were analyzed to predict each student's final status score in each subject. Test records from more than 5,300 students in 3 cohorts were used; 2…

This paper examines how predictive modeling can be used to study application behavior. A relatively new technique, artificial neural networks (ANNs), was applied to help predict which students were likely to get into a large Research I university. Data were obtained from a university in Iowa. Two cohorts were used, each containing approximately…

Research Services calculates enrollment projections on an annual basis. These projections are presented each year at the district's Pupil Population Estimating Conference. For this year's projections, two years of trend data (2005-06 and 2006-07) were used to project student enrollment for 2007-08. Projections are provided by individual grade…

Examined the hypothesis that the higher the divorce rate, the more likely that unhappy couples will terminate their marriages. Shows that when type of sample, dependent measure, and method of analysis are held constant, the increased divorce rate is not an important factor in explaining marital satisfaction. (Author)

Offers a formula to refine enrollment projections at the school district level. The formula builds on the traditional cohort survival technique and is based on the assumption that what has happened in the past will continue to happen in the future. Instructions and sample projections are provided. (Author/WD)

Argues that recent work in research methods in sociology consists largely of adapting methods developed elsewhere (statistics, demography, economics) for answering relatively simple questions about social change. These questions reflect practical as well as theoretical concerns. Discusses social indicators, social forecasting, cohort, occupational…

Reviews three special-purpose forecasting methods (population-ratio techniques, Bell Telephone method, method of analogy, and multiple-factor method) and three methods of universal applicability (the cohort-survival, percentage- survival, and law-of-growth methods) to help administrators grasp enrollment forecasting technicalities. A comparison…

Addresses the use of missing cells in longitudinal research. Gives a sample educational situation involving cohorts and grade levels and uses multiple linear regression for the solution. Discusses applications of longitudinal research wherein logically missing cells occur. (Author/SV)

Examined parental drug knowledge to determine effects of socialization in a drug culture and drug knowledge. Surveyed parents (N=200) and compared scores to those from similar early 1970s tests. Found today's parents had drug knowledge scores only slightly higher than early l970s parents and completion of drug education course was most significant…

Examined images of older people held by adults of all ages in 1974 (n=4,254) and 1981 (n=3,427). Cohort changes in such perceptions over time were examined. Multivariate analysis indicated that social class and health status evaluations of older adults declined between the two surveys, principally because of the assessment by more recent cohorts.…

Examined average economic status of baby boom cohorts as they approach retirement using data on their life cycle income experience. Findings suggest that baby boomers are likely to enter old age in better economic position than preboom cohorts because of deferred marriages, reduced childbearing, and increased labor force participation of wives…

Studied the associations between scores on a test of general mental ability and reaction time, measured with a "Hick"-style device, using a sample of 900 adults (aged 56 years) in Scotland. Results agree with literature reviews suggesting that reaction times and their variabilities are stronger correlates of mental test scores than are…

This study provides baseline data on Pima children's school day physical activity participation from two Pima communities. Specifically, the authors were interested in how Pima children's SSC (school step counts) physical activity compared with children who attend public schools in large metropolitan areas. Findings suggest that Pima children…