The objective of this study was to show how classroom observation systems measuring different dimensions of student behavior might be used simultaneously to record and analyze classroom process variables used by teachers. The subjects of the study were 71 student teachers, and the four observational systems were the Reciprocal Category System, the…

Classroom observation has the potential of obtaining valuable information regarding teacher and child behavior. This study examines the accuracy of observers coding a standard stimuli. In this procedure the observer's bias is examined, as well as the confidence that can be placed in the observation code itself. Through these procedures the exact…

Simply presenting information that displays clearly any discrepancy between a teacher's ideal and actual classroom performance does not, in itself, promise constructive change. This is true in part because teachers confronted with such discrepancies often experience anxiety. Teachers who wish to change often find it difficult to behave differently…

The classroom experiences of children in two model preschool programs were compared using an observational technique which was developed for a study of Head Start classrooms. The main objective of the study was to determine if the observational scale could discriminate between two programs of widely differing philosophy. The second goal of the…

This document contains papers from a variety of sources related to the topic of teacher evaluation. Following a brief introduction, chapter two provides a definition of evaluation. Chapter three outlines some current problems in appraisal and suggests a new approach. Chapter four contains four models of appraisal procedure: classroom observations,…

This paper contains optional modifications and additions to the Brophy-Good Dyadic Interaction Coding Manual (ED 042 688). Included are 1) suggestions for changes in the way level-of-question is coded; 2) modifications of the child's answer categories for simplification or expansion; 3) new distinctions for coding the teacher's feedback following…

As a result of a concern over the adequacy of teacher rating instruments, a project was begun to develop a pool of items describing teacher behavior. Most of the items were derived from the literature; some were written by the project. The item pool presently consists of 1137 items subsumed under 19 categories. Examples of categories are: personal…

This paper illustrates how behavioral models which embody a critical language can be used to describe and predict some categories of classroom events. It defines teaching-learning as a set of events which are mediated primarily by a person, the consequence of which is change in behavior of a second person. A language for describing this phenomenon…

Recent interest in the direct, descriptive study of teaching has led to renewed attention to the types of questions asked by teachers. An important contributing factor has also been the progress made in the analysis of cognitive operations and the identification of a complex hierarchy of operations. Several observation systems developed from…

The present descriptions of play of children two to five are based on the theory that the four processes of understanding include four different emphases: (1) imitation, (2) exploration, (3) prediction, and (4) construction (building, etc.). Therefore, the categories of children's play discussed are transformations of each of these types. Play is…

The report summarizes the aims of a 3-year program of work concerned with psychological factors in solar observing. Part I identifies several psychological factors which may affect solar observing and outlines a program of research. Part II is a report of a program of studies dealing with the application of visual perceptions in solar flare…

The author contends that the openness of a program can be determined by the opportunities which are provided for certain behaviors, activities, and events to occur. Even though the specific content of the open education programs may vary, the degrees of freedom for behaving or the relative presence of opportunity for diverse involvement do not.…

The technique of macroanalysis has been developed to facilitate the process of examining patterns of behavior. In this technique, sequentially recorded observational data are computer-analyzed in units of three or more codes. Behavior patterns that have been identified from observational data are collected so that the sequence of individual…

Describes a career awareness program in which focused shadow experiences with General Electric employees are a key element. For two years these shadow experiences were systematically observed and analyzed to clarify actual process elements in the experiences, and to assess their effectiveness in achieving shadow experience objectives. (Author)

Psychiatric diagnostic labels influenced all evaluations made by 90 nursing students viewing filmed play interviews with children labeled normal, schizophrenic, and obsessive compulsive. (CL)