In the increasingly technological world, it is imperative that workers receive training for the jobs of today and retraining for the jobs of the future. It has been proposed that businesses provide all of this training, because businesses benefit from having highly skilled workers and such a system might reduce taxes. This plan is flawed, however,…

A formative evaluation was conducted of two elementary schools that have been engaged in the School/Community-Based Management (SCBM) process in Hawaii. The evaluation process was aligned with the SCBM philosophy, which promotes shared decision making, shared responsibility, and collaboration. Stakeholders contributed to the evaluation, which…

This report presents themes in the integration of intercultural civics instruction into elementary and secondary curricula, themes that emerged as points of disagreement and discussion at a teacher training seminar held in Romania. Following an opening section that describes the seminar's format and aims, a second section reviews the discussions…

This book contains papers, reports, and opening and closing speeches presented at a worldwide conference of adult education experts. The document begins with the following: an introduction (Jelenc); a reprinted article, "Time to Collectively Rethink Our Field" (Franklin W. Spikes); and opening speeches by various adult education…

This paper synthesizes the findings and conclusions of reports from previous studies carried out by Unesco's Institute for Education concerning issues of integration, balance, and relevance in the content of general education. This synthesis identifies and develops guidelines based on the previous studies and is designed for use by curriculum…

The economic decline of rural communities and the accompanying trend toward rural school consolidation are intimately connected to the American liberal and individualist world view. In general, liberalism has meant having a representative government, an economic arrangement that maximizes the freedom of accumulation, and an educational system that…

The current priority of the Council of Chief State School Officers is to improve education and experiences that bridge youth and adulthood and prepare youth for immediate or eventual productive careers after high school. To that end, the council supports cooperative education; "tech prep"; youth apprenticeship; mentoring; service…

At the center of the critical thinking movement is a far-reaching attempt at educational reform which sees critical thinking as a compelling educational ideal supported by moral concerns and practical considerations. This paper examines the theoretical basis for critical thinking and explores its component parts. The context of the discussion is a…

In the tradition of critical ethnography, this study demonstrates the development and use of a structured approach to the qualitative study of an urban alternative public high school. It responds to the need for research that begins to connect the language of possibility in critical educational theory with an emerging language of possibility in…

The first of two introductory essays in this handbook presents a historical perspective on international early childhood education; the second provides a cross-national analysis of themes in late 20th century child care and early education. The bulk of the document consists of essays that review early childhood, preschool, primary, or elementary…

This document presents criteria that are designed to help a media reviewer examine professional presentations of middle-level education, gauging how closely a presentation reflects prevailing educational philosophy. Ten key features of middle-level schooling are highlighted, and a Likert scale is provided for each. The 10 features include varied…

The project group "Preparedness for Peace," at the Malmo School of Education (Sweden), studies possible ways of helping children and young people to deal constructively with questions of peace and war. As part of this work, the project group conducts interviews with people engaged in the problems of peace education. This publication…

This paper summarizes responses of students in kindergarten and grades 1, 2, 4, and 5 to questions about Native Americans. The paper draws on findings from two studies, both done in a suburban school system deemed "average" on a variety of educational and socioeconomic indicators. In each study, samples of students stratified by gender…

This paper explores the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD's) influence on higher education policy development in Canada and examines the impact its free-market philosophy exacts on more traditional aesthetic, humanistic, and moral educational objectives. The OECD is an international body whose primary objective is to…

An examination of China's policy, "making the ancient serve the present and foreign things serve China," introduced by Mao Ze-dong, is intended to provoke further discussion of the ideological dimension of foreign language education (FLE) in China. Some observers suggest that this has been an important guiding doctrine in FLE since 1949,…