Examines the effects of participant and observer perspectives on the quantity and quality of information recalled from conversations. Finds that conversational memory may be linked to the social cognitive bias, which has long been associated with the observer perspective. (MS)

Studied weight gain after smoking cessation in a naturalistic setting where all smokers quit and risk factors for postcessation weight gain were modified. Results showed no significant weight changes for smokers who quit. Suggests that an intensive program featuring dietary guidelines and increased physical activity can attenuate weight gain. (RJM)

A review of 208 studies of children with learning disabilities (LD) published in 10 major journals between 1988 and 1990 examined the extent to which recommendations concerning research design and reporting made in 1980 and 1984 have been implemented. The review found continuing problems, including imprecise subject descriptions, heterogeneous…

Established innovative interest-free loan program in midwestern metropolitan area as response to deteriorating economic circumstances of low-wage-earning single parents and their dependent children during 1980s. Interviews with participants revealed personal characteristics and economic circumstances of target population and purposes for which…

A study of service-representation patterns of four racial/ethnic groups across five public youth-service sectors in San Diego County found that race/ethnicity affects service-use patterns and that socioeconomic status should be taken into consideration when examining racial/ethnic representation. (Author/CR)

This study addressed the validity of using a five-state multifaceted approach to defining reading disabilities. Comparison of 204 reading-disabled (selected by criteria such as intraindividual differences and low achievement) and normally achieving junior high students on motivational, cognitive, and metacognitive variables (usually associated…

Data from the National Incidence Study (NIS) of Child Abuse and Neglect suggest no racial difference in child maltreatment, although there are more black children within the child welfare population. This study found selection bias in the NIS design caused by the exclusion of family, friends, and neighbors that resulted in differences in NIS cases…

Study seeks to develop a valid, reliable measure of lifetime religious and spiritual experience and to assess its value in explaining late-life health. Discusses the development of the Spiritual History Scale, a 23-item four-dimensional, retrospective summary measure of religious and spiritual practices and attributions over the life course.…

Examines the membership of the Music Supervisors National Conference/Music Educators National Conference (MENC) from 1912-1938 in relation to general population, number of teachers, teacher salaries, education spending, MENC division, distance to convention sites, gender, and the biennial convention plan. Discusses the findings, conclusions, and…

This study provides a theory-driven account of community building in a bilingual telecollaborative chat setting. A symmetrical arrangement of 70 L1 English learners of Spanish and L1 Spanish learners of English engaged in weekly Internet chat sessions in small groups. The learning metaphors of community and participation serve as the theoretical…

Through secondary analysis of the National Graduate Survey data, this study examines determinants of choice of further education pathways by Canadian university graduates in early 2000s. This paper extends the Cross' participation model by introducing a typology of path choices that are related to socio-demographic, post-secondary and situational…

A study examined the incentives and disincentives for employer involvement in established work-based learning (WBL) programs. Data were collected from the following sources in March-April 1995: case studies of selected programs offering WBL opportunities in Boston (Massachusetts) and Philadelphia (Pennsylvania); telephone interviews with 21 WBL…

This report uses data from the National Health Interview Survey (n=1,792 million) to describe trends in labor force participation among persons with disabilities for the period 1983 through 1994. It examines labor force participation among persons with disabilities compared to participation among persons without disabilities, how people with…

A study was conducted to ascertain the extent to which colleges and universities are integrating new technology education curriculum activities into teacher inservice and professional development programs. Information was gathered by developing a questionnaire, pilot testing it, and mailing it to 50 selected colleges and universities for…

Aspects of the student benefit program under the Social Security Act and the consequences of phasing out the program are considered. The 1981 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act phases out the Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI) student benefit program under the Social Security Act. The OASDI was one of the largest programs offering…