Assessed the relation between four- and five-year-olds' prosocial behavior and empathy with a modified version of the Feshbach empathy measure. Prosocial behaviors were assessed naturalistically over 10 weeks. (Author/SS)

Subjects categorized as either players who displayed make-believe in natural free-play situations or nonplayers whose behavioral repertoires did not include make-believe, were exposed to either a free-play, an imitation or a problem-solving condition and given an alternate-uses test. Free-play enhanced associative fluency among players who engaged…

Principles of appropriateness and acceptability are discussed for research-based data gathering instruments and those designed by supervisor and student in order to understand and evaluate student teaching. Ten guidelines are given to provide supervisors with a basis for observing and analyzing the teaching process. (JD)

Peer observation activities conducted by college faculty working collaboratively have the potential to improve instruction. (JD)

The relationship between sensitive maternal behavior and mother-infant vocalization during feedings was examined in an effort to determine this situational meaning of Ainsworth's concept of sensitivity. (Author/DB)

Causes of evaluator bias are: overemphasizing concrete, salient, and retrievable information; reporting only evidence which confirms hypothesis; focusing on stable personality factors, rather than on situation and environment; developing positive perceptions of a program as both an evaluator and a highly involved participant; statistical naivete;…

Elementary students were asked to find 12 colors and 5 sounds in their immediate natural environment and to describe in writing where they saw each color in relationship to themselves. The writings formed a type of poetry which expressed involvement with and observation of the environment. (CM)

Obtained objective measures of activity, fidgeting, vigilance, selective attention, and aggression for a sample of 87 twin pairs in late childhood. Little evidence for genetic influence on behavior was found. Between-family environmental sources of variance were far more important than within-family factors. (Author/RH)

Results indicated that a classroom with a low teacher/child ratio and partitioned special play areas facilitates peer interactions and fantasy play among middle-class, preschool children. (Author/DB)

Peer clinical supervision can dissipate negative attitudes toward observation by creating a supportive environment where those supervised take control of their own supervision and are observed by professional peers. (JMF)

As an example of the insights into creativity and cultural influences which may be gained by analyzing children's spontaneous play, the authors present a case study from Jamaica, where they observed young boys making their own toy trucks. (SJL)

Contains ten basic teaching principles formulated from the author's past experiences. Each of the principles is illustrated by relevant observations in order to increase understanding and aid application. The author states that use of these principles will increase teaching success. (SMB)

Results indicated that both objective evidence and nonverbal behaviors significantly affected perceived expertness. There was no difference in the credibility ratings of the counselor between male and female subjects. Objective evidence and sex interacted significantly, as did objective evidence and nonverbal behavior. (Author)

Eisner's educational criticism model produces a richer description of an English classroom than does Flanders' interaction analysis. (Author)