A rating scale was developed that could be used to test Raynor's construct of perceived instrumentality--that the perceived importance of a particular achievement (such as a good grade) to the student's future (career) influences the student's efforts to achieve the goal. The scale was developed to study the perceived importance of learning French…

To support young children in bringing all of their resources to bear on constructing meaning from print, teachers must be aware of how children learn, must make use of a variety of learning materials, and must carefully prepare the contextual setting in which children move into reading. Teachers should focus on planning a classroom reading…

The failure of educational research to fully allow for limitations in methodology when drawing conclusions is faulted. In addition to this, a failure on the part of the media--educational and other--to fully publicize these limitations is also criticized. Methodological shortcomings of the 1977-78 American Institutes of Research (AIR) study of…

EVERY CHILD SHOULD LEARN TO UNDERSTAND A SECOND CULTURE AND ITS LANGUAGE IN ORDER TO COPE WITH INTERCULTURAL CONFLICTS. THIS, HOWEVER, DOES NOT MEAN IT IS NECESSARY TO BELONG TO TWO CULTURES, SINCE INNER CONFLICT RESULTS UNLESS ONE IDENTIFIES HIMSELF WITH ONE WAY OF LIFE OR THE OTHER. THE BI-CULTURAL CURRICULUM PROPOSED IS A MIDDLE GROUND BETWEEN…

THIS BOOK PROVIDES TEACHERS WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR STIMULATING YOUNG WRITERS TO CREATE IMAGINATIVE COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING VERSATILE VOCABULARY WORDS AND GRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONS. THE SUGGESTIONS ARE GROUPED INTO FIVE CHAPTERS--(1) "SPINNING IMAGINATIVE THOUGHTS" IS DESIGNED TO ASSIST TEACHERS IN FOSTERING PUPILS' FLEXIBLE THINKING PROCESSES TOWARD THE…

THE 1965 SUMMER PROGRAM FOR MIGRANT CHILDREN IN MARYSVILLE, CALIFORNIA, INCLUDED KINDERGARTEN, PRIMARY, AND INTERMEDIATE CLASSES WHOSE OBJECTIVES WERE--(1) TO TEACH ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE TO THE CHILDREN, AND (2) TO IMPROVE EACH CHILD'S SELF CONCEPT. TRANSPORTATION AND MEALS WERE PROVIDED FOR ALL OF THE CHILDREN, AND CLOTHING WAS FOUND FOR…

RESEARCH AND EXPERIENCE SHOW THAT FILM IS MORE EFFECTIVE IN FACTUAL LEARNING AND IN PERCEPTUAL MOTOR LEARNING THAN IN TEACHING RATIONAL ACTIVITIES. LANGUAGE AND FILM HAVE DIFFERENT STRUCTURES WHICH DETERMINE THEIR FUNCTIONS IN INSTRUCTIONAL SETTINGS. ESSENTIALLY, PICTURES ARE INDUCTIVE WHILE LANGUAGE IS DEDUCTIVE. LANGUAGE IS CAPABLE OF NUMBERLESS…

THE ILLINOIS TEST OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ABILITIES, A TEST DESIGNED FOR CHILDREN AGED 3-9, IS OF VALUE TO THE KINDERGARTEN OR FIRST-GRADE TEACHER IN DIAGNOSING FOR THE PURPOSE OF REMEDIATION, ESPECIALLY IN COMMUNITIES WHERE DISADVANTAGED AREAS EXIST. FROM ITS USE, THE TEACHER CAN DETERMINE BACKGROUND INADEQUACIES, DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF A…

This introduction to the historical study of language is designed to give ninth-grade students contact with the methods of historical linguistics in a relatively limited area--the study of the lexicon. The unit begins with a consideration of recent changes in the lexicon, especially those due to technological advances which have caused the use of…

This IRCD Bulletin issue contains two brief papers. One, on contingency management, describes the application of this aspect of operant conditioning theory to the manipulation of behavior through reinforcement methods. Examples of the technique of managing high and low probability behaviors are offered as it is used with preschool children,…

THE SCHOOLS ARE ACCUSED OF HAVING FAILED IN EDUCATING THE MEXICAN AMERICAN CHILD. ONE OF THE MAIN REASONS UNDERLYING THIS FAILURE IS ATTRIBUTABLE TO AN ANGLO AMERICAN POINT OF VIEW WHICH DISCOURAGES DIVERSE CULTURES IN OUR SOCIETY. THIS SAME POINT OF VIEW REFLECTS THE NOTION THAT THE AMERICAN CULTURE IS SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHER CULTURAL BACKGROUNDS.…

In order to test language ability and school readiness in children with Head Start experience, 168 disadvantaged children were randomly selected. Only half of the children had previous Head Start experience. All children received the Metropolitan Readiness Test and were observed by their teacher and examiner. The results showed that in language…

An evaluation is provided of a project designed to create a bilingual environment and a program of bilingual instruction for first and second grade Spanish speaking children. A comparison is included of the language development and reading ability of the students taught in Spanish and English with those taught in English only. A pre- and…

Although normative figures of the performance of late kindergarten and entering first grade students on standardized readiness measures are usually available in the test manuals, no such data is available for pupils about to enter kindergarten. In order to obtain such data, 638 kindergarten (P-K) children in Minnesota were tested on three…

A bibliography of almost 1,100 items on the college teaching of English is arranged according to the following categories: (1) General, (2) Curriculum, (3) Composition, (4) Rhetoric, (5) Literature, (6) Composition and Literature, (7) Linguistics and Composition, (8) Grammar, (9) Linguistics, and (10) English Language which is subdivided into…