Two detailed case studies are presented describing language instruction objectives and procedures for two hearing impaired children (3-years-old) who exhibited very different language abilities. (Author/LS)

By tape-recording dialogue as students explain concepts and operations to each other, the teacher can make interesting observations about children's interpretations of mathematical tasks. (SD)

Those charged with the tasks of observing, assessing, and judging classroom teaching behaviors can avoid the pitfalls of previous observers and assessors by looking at the historical development of observation procedures and reasons for utilizing teacher observation instruments. (Author/RK)

A preliminary survey of problem students led to a more extensive examination using a teacher's rating scale which resulted in a fairly accurate picture of the over-all incidence of certain behaviors occuring in the population of a school system. (Author/KM)

This paper asserts that through the process of observation, documentation, and interpretation of children's goals, strategies, and theories, teachers gain insight into children's thinking. As a result of this process, teachers are better able to engage children in conversations and investigations that have the potential to extend their learning in…

This article presents an empirical example of what a process of mobilisation and disciplination could mean in practice. The example is taken from a "validation" initiative (recognition of prior learning) among a small group of unemployed people in Sweden. An ethnographic approach means that data were collected, mainly through…

The observational techniques described in this article are for the assessment of student progress within school. All are tied to progress in a variety of subject areas and all are in current use; all involve the teachers as observers. (Author)

Use of videotaping in behavioral observation audiometry was tested with 21 multi-handicapped children enrolled in a program for the deaf-blind. (Author/LS)

This paper explores the variety of qualitative methods available, in the context of a larger quantitative-qualitative debate in the field of educational evaluation. Each approach is reviewed in terms of the work of its major proponents. The dominant forms of qualitative evaluation include: (1) ethnography; (2) naturalistic inquiry; (3) generic…

School systems and social services agencies continue to grapple with personnel evaluation problems. One way to make personnel evaluation more useful is to improve the validity of evaluation judgments in appraising work performance. This paper proposes to: (1) review literature providing insight into evaluators' reasons for making inaccurate…

Given "T" joint observations on "K" variables, it is frequently useful to consider the weighted average or scaled score. L-scaling is introduced as a technique for determining the weights. The technique is so named because of its resemblance to the Leontief matrix of mathematical economics. L-scaling is compared to two…

R. V. Hopkins (1982) has criticized the use of means as the unit of analysis in situations where intact groups, such as classes, rather than individuals have been randomly assigned to various treatment conditions. Instead, Hopkins advocated the use of certain analysis of variance (ANOVA) models that, as far as test for treatment effects are…

This brief document profiles Maryland's Early Learning Support Network. The Network includes a group of early childhood centers in public schools in the state. The centers serve as training and observation sites for persons interested in improving the quality of their early learning programs. Two types of centers are involved: observation centers…

Although college faculty may hesitate to evaluate each others' teaching, it is a sensible alternative to evaluation by students or by administrators. Peer evaluations are not only useful for improving teaching, but also affect promotion and tenure decisions. When faculty are rated by observation, repeated visits and rater training are required in…

The increasingly popular view of the counseling process from an interactional perspective necessitates the development of new measurement instruments which are suitable to the study of the reciprocal interaction between people. The validity of the Relational Communication Coding System, an instrument which operationalizes the constructs of…