Foreign or second-language (L2) pre-service teachers (PSTs) are simultaneously learners and teachers of the target language, adding to the complexity of teacher education. How these two identities are intertwined with their pedagogical beliefs and dominant ideologies has not been fully investigated, especially with PSTs in longitudinal studies. To…

Within the research on bilingual learning, first studies have revealed that content learned in one language is retrieved more slowly when participants have to switch language from instruction to testing (i.e., language-switching costs, LSC). These costs are attributed to language-dependent knowledge representations. However, the cognitive…

This study investigated the impact of information density on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) listening comprehension, testing the hypothesis that listeners prioritize message understanding in information-rich discourse over grammar-focused analysis in rhetorical discourse. A quasi-experimental design was employed with 26 EFL college students,…

The purpose of this study is to describe the perceptions and expectations of German language students, especially in terms of receptive skills. This study asks two main questions: (i) what are the expectations of students towards learning German and (ii) how are students' perceptions of German learning, especially reading and listening, the data…

Augmented reality (AR) is an immersive, interactive, and engaging advanced information technology and it is widely used in language learning. Although several studies have evaluated the effectiveness of AR in EFL learners' language gains, these research findings are inconsistent. Therefore, this study conducted a meta-analysis to analyze to what…

This paper examines the role of metacognitive awareness in academic writing in a mixed-method study. In addition to validating an instrument assessing metacognitive knowledge and strategies in the context of academic writing, the study uncovered how Chinese multilingual students' metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive strategies, and metacognitive…

There are several benefits for Dual Language Learners (DLLs) when their home language is integrated into classroom instruction. For example, instruction in students' home language facilitates the learning of the new language more rapidly and supports bilingualism. One way to enhance young children's language learning is to engage families in home…

The effectiveness of English Language Teaching (ELT) materials significantly influences the learning outcomes of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, positioning these resources as cardinal in the acquisition process. Despite this widely acknowledged significance, there remains a notable gap in research concerning the evaluation of key…

In recent years, online courses have become a prevalent mode of study in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) university education. Student engagement is widely recognized as a key factor that influences students' quality of learning and academic achievement. This study explored the predictive impacts of self-efficacy, teacher support, and positive…

Sociolinguistic awareness is crucial for L2 learners because language is not just a set of grammatical rules and vocabulary; it is deeply intertwined with social and cultural context. The linguistic landscape serves as a conduit for discerning facets of language use in a given community. This study focuses on raising sociolinguistic awareness…

The German government requires all migrants without sufficient German language proficiency to enroll in integration courses. Many of these migrants had few prior experiences with formal education, yet, regardless of degree of literacy in any language, they are placed in classes based on language proficiency. How well do government-approved…

Since 2018, a language-learning scheme has been specifically designed for first-year students at the University of Lorraine. Its intended objective is to make them aware of the many possibilities, strategies and methodologies to learn languages, other than simply attending classes. Developing learner autonomy and inciting the students to use all…

Despite the increasing recognition of English communication skills as essential for global participation, many students in non-native English-speaking countries experience reluctance to communicate in English, particularly in junior high school settings. This research investigates the effect of growth mindset on junior high school students'…

This research addresses lexical deficits among EFL learners by investigating the pedagogical potential of vocal training with authentic pop songs for multi-word unit acquisition. Drawing on cognitive neuroscience, the study builds on evidence that music enhances brain plasticity and that musical and linguistic syntax share neural processing…

Learners' English proficiency can be shaped by social environments, motivational factors, and emotions. According to situated expectancy-value theory, students' expectations of success and subjective task values (STVs) influence academic performance. Achievement emotions, which refer to emotions directly related to learning activities or outcomes,…