Formalized training and education should be restricted to current job needs, and career development programs replaced with non-formal, voluntary, lifelong educational programs teaching analysis, synthesis, and conclusion-drawing and their application on the job. Goals are: tolerance for ambiguity, flexibility, and ability to operate under…

The author discusses whether the educational system has, or can have, a significant effect on countering factors of social class in the streaming of students toward their ultimate destinations in society. The role of counseling in an age of confused values in educational philosophy is considered. (Author)

What happens when the parents and teachers of a neighborhood school are given the opportunity to govern that school - to make decisions about policy, about staff, about educational philosophy? This article is an exciting account of what it really means to trust local individuals to do a responsible job. (Editor)

Dr. Bottoms discusses the type of leadership required of the American Vocational Association's Guidance Division to produce a comprehensive developmental and integrated program of career guidance in terms of what the program should entail and how it should be achieved. (bP)

The "people-ocean", not a small elite group, is seen as the sustaining force of China. In this light, the role of education is seen as helping people to develop a new socialist consciousness. Change is the key concept; vocational and technical education must "leap forward" to better scientific education. (MW)

This monograph analyzes the philosophical foundations of research into the administration of educational organizations. The first part reviews past debates about the philosophical foundations of research in educational administration, focusing on three contending schools of thought: the empiricists, the phenomenologists, and the critical…

A historical perspective of agricultural education is needed in order to understand its role in the future. Agriculture as a science did not exist prior to the 19th century. The Morrill Act contributed greatly to this development. With the realization that higher education could serve persons interested in the agricultural and mechanical arts came…

Whole language represents only one of many good concepts about teaching reading to children, but it is not for everybody. Because whole language is a philosophy rather than a specific method, educational practitioners can incorporate different aspects of this philosophy to different degrees. If teachers think of a continuum of theoretical bases…

This handbook was designed to assist school districts in Montana as they undertake the process of developing curriculum. The process includes five steps, each of which require that district personnel discuss a series of questions. Steps include forming a curriculum committee; defining and evaluating present practices; and developing, implementing,…

This digest discusses issues related to the implementation of high quality early childhood education by public school districts. Contents focus on: (1) the development of a written statement of philosophy; (2) the analysis of screening and assessment practices; (3) organization of the learning environment; (4) teacher preparation; (5) parent…

Learning modules offer the advantage of improved student knowledge through demonstrated competence with the instructional materials. Separate lessons are delivered with quizzes available after each lesson. Multiple quiz forms are necessary. When the students believes he is prepared, the student requests and takes the quiz. A standard level of…

This survey investigates how the students of social philosophy modify their criteria on basic questions of social justice. A questionnaire of 30 questions, with 5 options, was developed. The five answer/options correspond to the following five schools of social philosophy (five ways of thinking): (1) liberal individualism; (2) humanitarianism; (3)…

This book is the second in a set of three study guides designed to help students of educational administration critically analyze contemporary theory in the field, examine the field from a new viewpoint, and develop their own, more practical knowledge base. The first of the book's three sections, by Gerry England, discusses three ways of thinking…

This book is the third in a set of three study guides designed to help students of educational administration critically analyze contemporary theory in the field, examine the field from a new viewpoint, and develop their own, more practical knowledge base. The first of the volume's three sections, by John Codd, explores the notion that…

Although it has been accepted that the work force contributes to a country's development, the issue today is what kind of work force would accelerate economic development and growth. Previously, it was assumed that the provision of "high-level manpower" and "middle-level vocational education" should be given priority to serve a country's…