Clients of both sexes were significantly less likely to return for more counseling when initially interviewed by male intake counselors than by female intake counselors. No significant relationships between return rate and counselor experience level or the decision to keep or to refer clients were observed. (Author)

Examined variables influencing teacher referrals regarding children suspected of having developmental or behavioral problems. Results indicate that younger children were not referred at a disproportionate rate, as compared to their older classmates. African American children were referred at a disproportionate rate for developmental handicap…

Ninety-two preservice or inservice teachers were asked to categorize characteristics and behaviors according to whether each described a student identified with an emotional/behavior disability (EBD), who is gifted, both, or neither. Results revealed stereotypical thinking in the identification of characteristics of students labeled EBD. Results…

A study of 99 members of the National Association for School Psychologists investigated bias in the early stages of referral (for psychoeducational tests). Subjects were not biased in their referral decisions by a child's race or socioeconomic status, but were influenced by instructionally relevant data (i.e. achievement test scores). (Author/TE)

The application of curriculum-based assessment (CBA) procedures across five decision-making areas in special education is presented, including screening and referring, determining eligibility and classifying, planning programs, monitoring progress and modifying programs, and evaluating programs. CBA procedures are proposed as a feasible,…

The role of the special educator in collaborative consultation with regular educators is discussed in terms of problems in the practice of consultation, consultation as a mutual and reciprocal schoolwide activity, consultation as a facilitative process, consultation as a routine professional role, and the language of consultation. (DB)

Sixty industrially injured workers of Mexican origin were examined to determine the psychological effects of early versus late referral to the California workers' compensation vocational rehabilitation system. Depression and dependency scores were significantly lower and self-esteem scores were higher for the early referral group compared to the…

Discusses issues related to employer-supported child care. These issues include the increase in employer-supported child care, the changing employer profile, multiple centers, care for sick children, enhanced recruitment and referral, and flexible benefits. (RJC)

Comparison of 289 Canadian elementary students with behavioral or emotional difficulties with 363 Welsh students referred for social/emotional difficulties found similarities in the severity and frequency of acting-out or undercontrolled behaviors but significant differences in inhibited or overcontrolled behaviors, with Canadian teachers…

Notes that more students with severe personality disorders are presenting for psychological services at university counseling centers. Considers ethical dilemmas posed by these students. Sees clinical decisions about appropriate treatment modalities, philosophical decisions about agency mission, and available resources to carry out defined…

Special education administrators (n=36) in Utah were surveyed concerning use of prereferral intervention with students having learning difficulties. Administrators were uncertain whether the approaches maintained students in general education. They did believe, however, that the process is followed by teachers and results in fewer referrals for…

Of 236 children referred for special education evaluation from 12 suburban and rural school districts, 128 were diagnosed as learning disabled. Results suggest that the number of students referred who are actually placed is lower (approximately one out of two) than previously reported. (Author/JDD)

A study of four classes of dental students (n=172) exposed to both didactic and clinical geriatric dental training found that the students perceived significant improvements in their abilities to manage geriatric patients in all areas assessed, notably treatment planning, preventive dentistry, referrals, and providing care in alternative settings.…

Investigated relationship of Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) to academic achievement. PPVT-R was correlated with Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. Findings from 181 elementary school children referred for special education evaluation suggest that the PPVT-R could be used to…

Presents a model for evaluating culturally and linguistically different students to determine whether a learning problem is being created or exacerbated by sociocultural variables or a handicapping condition. The model presented allows examiners to put into practice an assessment procedure that uses a more holistic approach, incorporates informal…