In October-November 1990 trustees, principals, and teachers at 239 schools and parents at 26 of these schools were surveyed. This provided a comprehensive picture of how the "Tomorrow's Schools" reforms were felt at the primary and intermediate levels. Four issues are identified. First is the provision of continuity and training for…

A discussion with 10 nationally recognized education reformers is summarized in this report. A goal of the discussion was to find common ways to fundamentally alter the American educational structure. Participants' statements are organized around six central themes, which form a paradigm for effective school restructuring. Sections address each of…

Principals can influence instruction by working through the linkages that govern teacher behavior. What these linkages are, how they affect instruction, and the impact of the principal on them are the focus of this paper. Two kinds of linkages are distinguished: bureaucratic and cultural. An explantation of both, with particular attention to…

Conditions and management procedures used in Dutch universities are discussed. Attention is directed to: (1) the structure of higher education in the Netherlands -- especially the University of Utrecht, its administrative procedures, and decision-making process; (2) the nature of the problems the university faced and the ineffective way in which…

The results of a survey on the opinions of the patrons of the Ruskin School District (Nebraska) regarding how they view school organization and what they would recommend regarding future considerations are reported. One hundred fifty questionnaires were mailed, and 111 responses were received. Findings are represented in six groups: (1) what…

This paper describes the organization and accomplishments of schools in New York City's East Harlem School Distirct, referred to locally as Community School District 4. Schools in this district use choice as the conceptual framework for the organization of public education. Once students and parents have been informed of the choices open to them,…

To improve the condition of women in education, women have utilized legislation, particularly federal legislation. Three main federal statutes have protected women's rights in education since 1972. These are the Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972, the Women's Educational Equity Act passed in 1975, and the Vocational Amendments Act…

Replacement of Australia's binary system, which separates the roles of colleges and universities, is discussed in this seminar report. In addition to seven seminar papers, information is provided on the Australian higher education system, including access, the curriculum, research, fiscal accountability, and program relevance and quality. In the…

The purpose of this publication is to help schools develop middle-level programs that reflect the Regents Policy Statement on Middle-Level Education and Schools with Middle-Level Grades. The document contains names and addresses of schools and individuals who are willing to help other schools implement the recommendations of the policy statement.…

State education reform efforts, like national proposals for educational excellence, have blamed poor schooling for widening the gulf between poor and rich and influencing economic and industrial decline. Improved schools will supposedly restore economic health to society and its individual citizens. This conflation of educational reform and…

The application of the accelerated school concept to middle schools is presented in this report. The Accelerated Schools Project was designed to create schools capable of accelerating at-risk students' progress and of assimilating those students into the educational mainstream. Based on the principles of teacher empowerment, unity of purpose, and…

The Effective Schools Program in St. Louis, Missouri, public schools expanded the concept of effective schools developed in Project SHAL (1980-1984). The following five characteristics are considered effective school factors: (1) strong administrative leadership (2) high teacher expectations; (3) positive school climate; (4) total school…

This paper examines the effects of classroom characteristics on the friendship cliques of preadolescent students. It is argued that structural and organizational features of a classroom constrain the interaction patterns of students in such a way as to affect the probability of dyadic friendship relationships and the network of social ties that…

The 571 secondary schools selected by the United States Department of Education for recognition as exemplary institutions represented urban, suburban and rural communities. The proportions of minority students were not markedly different from the national distribution, nor did the socio-economic status of families with students differ greatly from…

In the late 1970's, declining enrollment in Raytown, Missouri, prompted the school board to employ an outside consulting firm to prepare a 10-year comprehensive demographic forecast. The enrollment forecast clearly indicated that the decline would continue. A facility utilization study found that the overall physical condition of the schools was…