The ideology of higher education for women at Wellesley College in the late 19th and early 20th centuries is discussed in the context of feminism and the women's suffrage movement. "Symmetrical womanhood," a concept emphasizing balance of traditional roles and intellectual and community involvement, was a goal of Wellesley faculty of…

Constructivism, which holds that knowledge is created out of each individual's own experience, is recapturing researchers' attention. To constructivists, teachers are not omniscient oracles, but nutritionists providing an environment for children to grow their own knowledge. Students might learn division by planning a field trip instead of…

This article considers how liberatory theory (related to critical theory, postmodern thought, and constructivism) can be applied to debates in special education. Liberatory pedagogies encourage oppressed peoples to define for themselves their situations and to define actions that will be liberating. (Author/DB)

Organizational aspects of the Shock Trauma Institute at Loyola University Medical Center (Illinois) are described. The philosophies and conditions that helped determine the institute's organizational structure and success are analyzed, and the institute's role as a multidisciplinary research program is discussed. Structures of the clinical,…

Describes the contributions of three women educators to Japanese education and to the development of the modern Japanese empire. Criticizes Japanese historiography that ignores the role of conservative women. Discusses the educators' views of the importance of female education to help women raise children who could benefit the state. (DK)

Identified three preschool models operating in an urban school district. Compared the mastery of basic skills and the social, motor, language, and adaptive development of 295 children who attended the preschools. Found that children in preschools that allowed child-initiated learning demonstrated the greatest mastery of basic skills. (MM)

This article describes the Montessori educational philosophy and method as it can be applied to preschool children at risk for learning disabilities. This approach to early intervention is designed to offer an individualized program which provides success and a conceptual preparation for later academic learning. (Author/DB)

Abraham Flexner's educational philosophy serves as the basis for an examination of medical education. It is concluded that physicians would be better equipped to face the future complexities of medical practice if upper division undergraduate study, medical school, and graduate medical education were better articulated and treated as a continuum.…

There is a desire on the part of most developing nations to be like other developed nations. Educational facility planners can attempt to plan functional and effective schools that take into account local conditions, customs, and materials. Facility planners should recognize the knowledge and experience of local architects and educators. (MLF)

Discusses two widely practiced principles of management (protecting the rear and knowing the limits of a job) as they relate to the philosophy of education. The article examines Werner Jaeger's definition of education in his 1939 book, "Paideia," as well as other definitions that have helped shape current educational management. (SM)

This paper questions the claim of the Warnock Report (a report on special educational needs by Great Britain's Department of Education and Science) that educational aims are the same for all children. The paper discusses the place of knowledge in the educational aims, preparation for personal autonomy, distinction between autonomy and…

This article argues that poor reading achievement may be the result of restricted access to the kind of instruction that develops actively comprehending and achieving readers. Characteristics of low-achieving readers' instructional experiences are reviewed to support this argument. New approaches are called for in place of outdated beliefs about…

Explores how women art students were educated and viewed in England between 1890-1910. Compares and contrasts some current feminist histories of art education with the research findings to determine whether they reflected the social and economic environment presented in the Victorian periodical press. (KM)

Examines the need for the study of architecture and product design in the K-12 curriculum. Describes a model for an integrated design studio that promotes creativity. Recommends ways that people from the community can help in the classroom and suggests ways that art teachers can be trained. (KM)

This discussion of ecological approaches to special education suggests that the relative neglect of the ecological approach is partially a result of the apparent incompatibility between ecological theory and conventional scientific approaches. It is suggested that ecological theory and positivism may be reconciled by broadening and developing…