Much of what has developed in the testing of reading harkens back to the days of the "Cult of Efficiency" movement in education that can be largely attributed to Frederick Winslow Taylor. Taylor spent most of his productive years studying time and motion in an attempt to streamline industrial production so that people could work as…

After the Castro revolution of 1959, the new Cuban revolutionary government began a massive literacy campaign that taught 700,000 persons to read in about a year. Twenty years later, Nicaragua, facing an even more serious literacy problem, conducted a similar literacy campaign. In approximately six months, Nicaragua had reduced illiteracy by 37…

During the past 40 years, the definition of literacy and the needs of adult literacy education have changed. Before World War II, adult literacy programs usually focused on teaching totally illiterate adults to read and write at the simplest levels. Later, functional literacy at about the fifth grade level was promoted through the programs. Now,…

Designed for parents whose children attend the laboratory nursery school of the University of Minnesota, this handbook contains information regarding the nursery school's goals, operation, and policies. Specifically, the booklet discusses program philosophy and content as they relate to training new teachers and conducting research, specifying…

Several definitions of career exploration are discussed in the article, and an interpretation is offered for the middle/junior high school level: student exploratory behaviors in regard to self and occupational concepts are best denoted by their inclusion of problem-solving or hypothesis testing. (Author/AJ)

The author elaborates on his own ideas and the reactions of other professionals to his earlier work, "A Radical Perspective on the Development of American Special Education with a Focus on the Concept of Learning Disabilities." A narrow reliance on psychology and medicine has contributed to current policy crises regarding identification…

This history of the development of the Virginia Community College System, with its 23 community colleges and central office, explores how a broadened base of higher education was accomplished through an evolutionary process and shows that certain people in the state advocated some sort of broadening long before the actual development of the…

A study was conducted to describe and analyze the types of curricular and instructional approaches currently being used in adult literacy programs in New York City. A small representative sample of 16 programs and 48 staff members were selected for study. Information was gathered through onsite observation and interviews with 39 staff members.…

Recognizing that too often, African American students in communication courses are confronted with communication principles which to them seem inappropriate, unrealistic, and simply false, this paper analyzes the conceptual foundation of the public speaking course and suggests how it might be made more relevant for African American students. The…

A comprehensive Instrument for Curriculum Evaluation (ICE) was developed to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate curriculum materials. The instrument contains 115 statements for assessing 11 aspects of curriculum: philosophy, needs assessment, theme, goals, learning objectives and standards, scope and sequence, field testing, instructor…

This publication describes adaptations of teaching methods and instructional materials to meet the special needs of rural students in the late 1930s. These "newer" types of instruction were often child centered, and included: (1) grouping subject matter into broad divisions such as social studies and language arts rather than the traditional…

A descriptive and qualitative study was made of the status and future of vocational education in the public K-12 schools of Wisconsin. Questionnaires were answered by a total of 775 district administrators, high school principals, and local vocational education coordinators (78.5% response). Representatives of these respondent groups, plus…

Relating vocational to academic programs in U.S. high schools is a challenge. Usually, more academic subjects are required for graduation, while vocational study is squeezed into the electives. This is not a balance; what is needed is an interaction between the academic and the vocational, the product of which is a general education persuasively…