All students have emotional and behavioral difficulties periodically. Some students have difficulties at a rate, duration, and intensity significantly higher than those of their peers. We summarize the knowledge base on the development, maintenance, and change of emotional and behavioral disorders across the school years. Building from dynamic…

Disturbing, problematic, or challenging student behaviour is said to be among the greatest challenges facing today's school life. However, despite the apparent commonsensical nature of the issue, there is no commonly agreed upon definition for such events, and there is often very thin analysis of what actually becomes disturbed, challenged, or…

Inclusion of students with disabilities in general education settings has been an international focus for over two decades. In the US, federal laws [e.g. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA). 2004. H.R. 1350, 108th Congress] mandate access to the general education curriculum for all students, including those with…

Pedagogical knowledge has been identified as an essential factor for impacting the learning, behavioral, and social emotional outcomes for children with disabilities, particularly students with emotional disturbances (ED). There are many professionals in and out of the school environment who work with children with ED. Oftentimes, these…

The present study aims to examine the effects of a combination of academic and behavioral supports on students with emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) who are also struggling readers. A multiple baseline across participants single case design was used to measure the impact of an evidence-based systematic phonics program, in combination with…

The reading trajectory of African Americans males within the PreK-12 special education system has been at the forefront of scholarship. This case study was to understand how Zion's misidentification may have influenced his reading experiences. The inequalities Zion encountered in Special Education are examined through the Critical Race Theory and…

According to recent research, gun violence at schools has become a public health issue. Teachers, administrators, students, and communities are trying to cope with the aftermath of gun violence at schools. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to identify coping mechanisms among teachers and administrators after experiencing…

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent among all demographic characteristics; however, higher rates of adversities occur in vulnerable populations such as females, children, young adults, minorities, and multiracial individuals. This exploratory qualitative study aimed (a) to investigate the impact adverse childhood experiences have on…

Since its initial release in 2006, "Reaching and Teaching Students with Special Needs Through Art" has remained one of NAEA's best-selling books of all time. Now, in 2024, in collaboration with Routledge, NAEA is proud to release an all-new second edition of this important text that offers respectful updates in language and terminology…

Teaching students who exhibit emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) can be challenging and requires conscious and insightful strategies to be aware of how teachers interact with their students. An emphasis on high-quality relationships between teachers and students can ameliorate some of the challenges in teaching students with EBD, resulting…

The utility of trial-based functional analysis (TBFA) in classrooms has been demonstrated. Few investigations have explored TBFA with individuals with emotional behavior disturbances, included modifications to conditions, evaluated results of interventions derived from TBFA, or compared the results of TBFA with a brief functional analysis (BFA).…

The classroom of today is extremely different than it was back in the baby-boomer era. Schools used to segregate and track students based on their abilities. Today, our classrooms are inclusive as schools adhere to the requirements of IDEA where all students regardless of their academic abilities or emotional status have the right to a free and…

School administrators make decisions that directly affect the educational context in which teachers work and students learn. In this commentary, we argue that addressing the burnout of individual special educators without attending to school working conditions may do little to improve teachers' burnout and the outcomes of students with…

This article discusses areas of study special education teachers from 2009 to 2022 wished to learn more about or an issue they found challenging and the implications of their professional learning needs.

The social maladjustment exclusionary clause has been a source of contention and confusion for the last 50 years. Social maladjustment has never been defined at the federal level, leaving creating the definition to local and state agencies. Social maladjusted was not included in the original definition created by Eli Bower in the 1960s. It was…