This study used 1994 data from the California Community College System cohort of first-time freshmen to identify that part of University of California (UC) or California State University (CSU) transfer performance that is determined by factors outside the control of college administrators. The idea was to "level the playing field" when…

Reports changes in attitudes of male and female prison guards over the first six months on the job. Found male guards became more, and female guards became less, punitive and aggressive. Results appear to derive from differences in the work milieu of male and female guards. (Author/JAC)

Investigated the relationship between shift time and use of leisure time, nonwork satisfaction, and mental and physical health among rank-and-file workers and nurses. Found employees working on fixed shift had higher job performance, motivation, and patients' care skill, and probably enjoyed better physical and emotional health. (Author/JAC)

Tested differences in women's career decisions, contrasting need importance scores of 481 college graduate women of 1968. Results indicated homemakers scored highest on security-safety and social needs, while professional and clerical workers scored highest on the esteem need. Self-actualization was the highest-ranked need for all women.…

Evaluates two models of generational political research: the lineage model in which generations are defined in terms of biological succession within family units, and the cohort model, in which generations are defined in terms of the common and unique life experiences (and socialization) of individuals born and raised in a particular time period.…

Examines trends in beliefs about the desirability of coresidence between adult children and their parents. Data showed a significant trend toward the acceptability of coresidence. Analysis indicates significant intercohort differences, which are influenced by birth year and kinship contact, as reported by younger cohorts. (RJM)

Compared developmental and historical influences in career aspirations of college women using longitudinal and cross-sectional data. Hypothesized that no response differences exist between older survey group (N=74) and younger group (N=255) when college freshman responses were compared (developmental), nor between survey respondents in 198l and…

Using a cohort-sequential design, identifies period, age, and class effects influencing the use of 12 different classes of drugs, both licit and illicit, by American youth aged 18 to 28 who were surveyed annually between 1976 and 1986. (Author/BJV)

In 1974, 1979, and 1986, college students completed questionnaires regarding their sexual philosophies, behavior, relationships, self-perceived attractiveness, relationship with parents, use of drugs and alcohol, attitudes toward marriage and abortion, and other issues. Found that sexual behavior increased dramatically from 1974 to 1979, and then…

Uses 1983 Israeli census data for male Sephardic Jews, Ashkenazic Jews, Christians, and Arabs born 1942-1958 to analyze ethnic differences in patterns of educational expansion. Suggests that rigid tracking in Jewish secondary schools allows expansion of secondary education while alleviating expansionary pressures on tertiary education. Contains 36…

Illuminates the nature and direction of social comparison research using a sample of 168 Dutch individuals. Some of the findings revealed uncertainty and frustration related to a need for social comparison, a desire more for information than affiliation about similar others, and the influence of health problems in evaluating one's situation. (RJM)

Examined whether group members differ in the number of in-group subtype distinctions that they draw. Drawing on results of two studies, found that members of groups whose primary function is intragroup interaction (fraternities, sororities, athletic teams) draw more subtype distinctions within their own group than within other groups. (RJM)

Refines the cohort survival method for projecting student enrollment. Tests its effectiveness with 30 Maine school districts. The refinement empirically searches for optimal values of number of years of history to use in averaging, weights to place on the ratios, and linear versus exponential distribution of weights across ratios. (SLD)

Enrollment planning is the basis of all school system planning. Focuses on assessing the impact of a choice plan on student enrollment planning. Issues involved include home schooling, school employees' choice, and private kindergarten programs. Administrators are advised to evaluate existing forecasting methodologies. (MLF)

Chile has experienced considerable educational expansion over the past few decades, as well as a privatization reform in 1981 that introduced full parental choice through a voucher system, in the context of a market-oriented transformation of the country. Using a cohort analysis of the 2001 Chilean Mobility Survey, this article examines trends in…