Proposes that (1) during most of the nineteenth century leadership in public education primarily took the form of guiding a decentralized social movement; and (2) at the turn of the twentieth century much of the direction of the educational system devolved upon university experts and professional managers. (Author/DB)

This article looks at the educational implications of the declining birth rate in England and Wales. It outlines the major issues which arise (school reorganizations, pupil/teacher ratios, teacher redeployment, and grade organization), considers the factors affecting these issues, and examines the sources of decision-making power on each. (SJL)

A framework to describe, classify, and compare a variety of teacher education programs is offered. Examples of how the framework has been used for types of school organizations are given, along with an explanation of how the framework can be applied to alternative approaches to teacher education. (MLW)

Data from a study of eight Chicago suburban elementary school districts are used in this paper to assess the impact that declining enrollments and funds have had on the educational policies of suburban school districts. (Author/EB)

The author describes aspects of the size and organizational structure of high schools which reduce human contact and have a negative influence on the sense of community, the development of relationships, and the formation of personal identity. (Author/SJL)

The article discusses the historical trends leading to development and implementation of Title IX. The major provisions of the regulation for Title IX are listed as admissions, treatment of students, employment, and a general section. Implications of Title IX and an institutional compliance checklist are presented. (HLM)

Lessons learned in the merger of two junior high schools, one predominantly black and one predominantly white, with a history of competition and distrust, illustrate the sense of community that can be developed with shared decision making and respect for cultural differences. Reducing ability grouping was vital in unifying the academic structures.…

In Singapore, national survival necessitated an early fundamental restructuring of the educational system, followed by a period of fine tuning, or repair. By the early 1980s, Singapore had developed a highly efficient education system that met the needs of a rapidly industrializing economy. Since the mid-1980s' recession, Singapore has redefined…

Examines Hong Kong's educational system following reversion to the jurisdiction of mainland China in 1997. Presents an overview of the education system, education and schooling in a post-colonial context, school curriculum reform, improving student assessment mechanisms, enhancing access and equity, improving teacher education and professionalism,…

Sketches the background of mobbing (bullying) in the workplace. Analyzes the school related debate on mobbing. Takes into account the structure and interaction related characteristics of the teaching profession. Asks whether these characteristics can lead to a higher potential for mobbing and how this potential should be assessed. (CAJ)

The fundamental causes of poor academic performance are not the schools themselves but the institutions governing them. Bureaucracy imposed by democratic principles vitiates the most basic requirements of effective organization. State governments must create a new public education system based on the market principles of parental choice and school…

Reports a study of 559 children of 5-6 years to determine language interaction differences in males and females in day care centers and part-time preschools in Sweden. A significant correlation was found between sex and form of preschool in regards to language interaction between the child and the personnel. (RJC)

Based on the premise that education is an open system interdependent with its environment, the University of Puerto Rico's Partnership Project with Schools is a cooperative program to improve public education by changing school practice. A collaborative seminar identified target areas: exploration of students' potential and difficulties, teacher…

Discusses author's observations of poverty-related problems within rural Sri Lankan schools. Juxtaposes literature on Third World education problems at national, district, school, and individual levels. Concludes high educational expectations in developing world are tightly constrained by poverty, negative attitudes, and weaknesses of systems.…

Major programatic reforms or significant changes in roles and relationships within the educational system are unlikely to emerge given the lack of attention to the actors, process of implementation, and underlying values of the reform movement. The article's focus is state-level reform initiatives. (IAH)